OSCE Mélange Programme Infographic: Ensuring People's Security and Environmental Safety

OSCE ENSURING PEOPLE'S MÉLANGE SECURITY PROGRAMME: and ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY BACKGROUND Mélange, a highly toxic, volatile, armed forces and was stored in obsolete and storage sites. and combustible chemical deteriorating substance that was extensively used in the Many mélange storage facilities Warsaw Pact countries during the Cold War is a liquid rocket fuel short and had been affected corrosion. The proportion of water had increased, and combined with the decreasing effectiveness of the inhibitors, decomposition accelerated. A large part of mélange stocks (over 80%) had gone far past the expiration date. by severe component for medium-range missiles. After the end of the Cold War, a number of OSCE states inherited large quantities of mélange, which was no longer needed by their was MÉLANGE COMPONENTS OTPYTA HNO3 N;04 Melange is a highly toxic, aggressively corrosive and chemically active substance, comprising a complex mix of concentrated nitric acid (73- 80% HNO3) dissolved nitrogen dioxide (20-27% N2O4), and a small concentration of iodine, ortho-phosphoric acid, and fluorine hydride. INHIBITORS OF CORROSION HF, l2, H¿PO4 HEALTH HAZARDSand ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SKIN EYES FIRE ENVIRONMENT WATER 100m3 2km EPICENTRE/LETHAL HAZARD 25km HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION 80km POSSIBLE ZONE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IMMEDIATE IMPACT LIKELY IMPACT POSSIBLE IMPACT 2km 25m 80km STORAGE FACILITIES and DISPOSAL By the mid-1990s, 80% of the existing Mélange in OSCE states had gone far past expiration Expired Mélange is the primary cause for leaks or tank bursts that can be 80% the date. detrimental to the local environment, water tables and community. TRANSPORT TANKS MEHOK S7050G43 (20) 57050643 (20] 570s0G43 (20) 1O : NEUTRALIZING 100m TANK STORAGE TANK MELANGE LOADING and TRANSPORT LOADING In addition to the storage and transport tank connections, another pipe is also connected from the transport to a The mélange loading process is a delicate one. First, the pipeline “system" is connected to storage tanks on one end and to the transport tanks on the other. The mélange is then pumped into specialized transport tanks to be transported by railroad or by sea. neutralization tank. Fumes form when the mélange is pumped from storage tanks to transport tanks. These fumes are then directed to a neutralizing tank containing Ammonia, which neutralizes the red hued mélange fumes and transform it to a white, harmless vapor. TRANSPORT DANGER MEAHOK DANGER DANGER TRAIN SHIPS Removed by train (and disposed of in Russia) from: Kazakhstan, Ukraine Removed by ships (and disposed of in Sweden) from: Montenegro, Albania ELIMINATION PROCESS and RECYCLING Specially trained personnel from the Armed Forces pump the mélange from the old storage containers/tanks into special transportation containers using an airtight piping system to ensure that the process is leak-proof. materials. Specially trained technical experts accompany each shipment, closely monitoring its safety. The cisterns with mélange then travel to specialized chemical factories or waste management facilities where melange is disposed of. The transport is subject to strict regulations for transportation of hazardous The OSCE closely monitors every stage of the project from planning, implementation, disposal, recycling, and paperwork. The organization also ensures that all products derived from mélange are used for civilian purposes only. : OSCE EXPERTS DISPOSAL FACILITIES FULL INCINERATION DANGER esos (poj PAINT EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRIAL NITRIC ACID ARICULTURALA FOAM INDUSTRIALA ON-SITE DISPOSAL I PEOPLE AFFECTED MÉLANGE REMOVED 34 872 400 TONNES TONNES TONNES 800.000 20000 30.000 ALBANIA ARMENIA GEORGIA 410 120 15,728 TONNES TONNES TONNES 150,000 20000 8 MILLION KAZAKHSTAN MONTENEGRO UKRAINE UKRAINE MÉLANGE DISPOSAL DEVELOPMENT 2006-08 ASSESSMENT 2004-05 Ájà 280 TONNES DISPOSAL 2009-14 TRANSPORTED PER MONTH 30 TRAINLOADS OVER THE COURSE OF 54 MONTHS DISPOSAL PHASES in 1. UKRAINE PHASE 3,216 TONNES DISPOSED RADEKHIV 1 BILA TSERKVA SCHEVCHENKOVE PHASE 2 KALYNIVKA 1. 2,635 TSENZHIV LYUBASHIVKA TONNES DISPOSED 15.728 PHASE 3 9,877 TONNES DISPOSED TONNES TOTAL DISPOSED MISCELLANEOUS FACTS: UEFA EURO Cup 2012: the most dangerous mélange storage sites located in the vicinity of Media coverage: one of the top covered OSCE related news in Ukrainian media in Overall distance covered (full and empty railroad cisterns): 125,961.00 km or more than 3 distances of Equator (1.5 Equator with full tanks - 58,600 km) the soccer arenas removed 2009-2013 prior to the games ONGOING MÉLANGE PROJECTS 2014 TO BE COMPLETED in 2500,000 800,000 900000 BELARUS PEOPLE AFFECTED 400 TONNES MÉLANGE 330 TONNES ROCKET FUEL BULGARIA PEOPLE ÁFFECTED 533 TONNES MÉLANGE 541 TONNES ROCKET FUEL KYRGYZSTAN PEOPLE AFFECTED 110 TONNES MÉLANGE TO BE REMOVED TO BE REMOVED TO BE REMOVED OSCE PARTICIPATING STATES CONTRIBUTIONS O UNITED STATES |© SWEDEN e DENMARK O KAZAKHSTAN NORWAY GERMANY FINLAND SPAIN TURKEY UNITED KINGDOM GREECE HUNGARY THE NETHERLANDS © POLAND © CANADA O CZECH REPUBLIC OSCE MÉLANGE PROJECT BUDGET" GEORGIA €300,000 ARMENIA MONTENEGRO €1,240,000 ALBANIA € 65,000 KAZAKHSTAN €700,000 UKRAINE €20,000,000 €240,000 *These amounts represent the OSCE budgetary amounts spent on the removal of mélange, and do not include contributions towards personnel cost, transportation, and other logistical arrangements provided by the host countries. LEARN MORE ABOUT OSCE www.osce.org twitter.com/osce The OSCE Mélange Program is just one of the many ways the OSCE contributes to building peace and stability in the region. Check out our website and follow us on f facebook.com/osce.org in linkedin.com/company/osce - soundcloud.com/osce O instagram.com/osceorg social media to learn more about our work. OSCeCo-operation in Europe Organization for Security and ERTILIZERS LOW-GRADE