What is Major Depression?

IG GLOBAL MEDICAL EDUCATION PRESENTS MAJOR DEPRESSION WHAT IS MAJOR DEPRESSION? Individuals with major depression often experience: V Depressed mood* Guilt feelings or hopelessness O Psychomotor activity changes Decreased energy M Sleep disturbances Trouble concentrating Lost interest in M Appetite changes Suicidal thoughts or attempts pleasurable activities* Atypical Depression is characterized by: Reactive mood, heaviness of the extremities, sensitivity to interpersonal rejection, and phobic anxiety. It is overrepresented in bipolar disorder and is often missed. 1 in 6 Americans will develop major depression in their lifetime Major depression affects 121 million people worldwide "At least one of these is required + 4/9 for at least 2 weeks One out of 10 new mothers will develop post-partum depression WOMEN are twice as likely to develop depression as men The average 2Da. ONSET out of individuals with depression of major DO NOT RECEIVE ADEQUATE TREATMENT depression is 32 2x years. WHEN WAS MAJOR DEPRESSION FIRST DESCRIBED? Major depression was once blamed upon Depression has been described since "black bile" with blood-letting as one of the ANCIENT TIMES treatments. 751515151515 GME offers 60+ medical education videos on major depressive disorder at www.gmeded.com The term Major depressive disorder was introduced by a group of US clinicians in the mid-1970s as part of proposals for diagnostic criteria based on patterns of symptoms called the "Research Diagnostic Criteria", building on earlier Feighner Criteria. It wasn't until 1980 that Major Depressive Disorder was incorporated into the DSM-III. HOW IS A PERSON DIAGNOSED WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION? A health professional will perform a thorough mental status examination, medical evaluation, and ask an individual about their personal and family psychiatric history. Individuals may also have to complete a depression-screening test as part of the diagnostic process. A thorough mental status and physical exam is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, and to rule out secondary causes (medical illnesses, medications, drugs etc.) of the mood symptoms. Laboratory tests that may be indicated in the work-up of a depressed patient include: Thyroid levels, sleep studies (if sleep apnea is suspected), EEG (if seizure disorder is suspected), drug screen, and EKG. ction tests, B-12 and folate BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION, A PERSON MAY BE DIAGNOSED WITH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING SUBTYPES OF DEPRESSION. BIPOLAR DEPRESSION PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER MAJOR DEPRESSION Presence of 2 or more Presence of hypomanic or manic episodes interspersed with episodes of major depression. Presence of 5 or more symptoms of depression during the same two week period: with or without psychosis , hypomanic symptoms, or anxious features. symptoms of depression for more days than not for at least 2 years or chronic major depression lasting for more than two years. 35,000 PEOPLE Commit suicide every year due to their depression. Depressed individuals are 5x More Likely To Commit Suicide. Depression is the leading cause of medical disability for people aged 14 to 44 WHAT ARE THE MAIN CHANGES IN DSM 5 FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MAJOR DEPRESSION? • Bereavement exclusion is removed and clinical judgement is to be applied for depression after significant loss. • Specifiers for "anxious features" and "mixed features" added. • "Psychotic features" specifier no longer tied to severity. • Persistent depressive disorder replaces dysthymic disorder. GME features medical education from the world's leading experts on depression at www.gmeded.com On average, people who suffer from depression If you develop depression after a heart attack, you are can lose Patients with depression are more likely to have heart attacks or strokes 4x more $10,400 likely to die with the greatest risk being in the first 6 months. per year compared to non-depressed individuals. in income by age 50. Compared to adults, children with depression may be more likely to present with temper tantrums, somatic complaints, social withdrawal, or mood lability. One out of 10 adolescents will have a depressive disorder by the age of 18. HOW DO DOCTORS TREAT MAJOR DEPRESSION? PRESCRIPTION TREATMENT Some of the most common types of medications used to treat major depression are SSRIS, SNRIS, other new generation antidepressants like vilazodone, whereas folate, some atypical antipsychotics, lithium, thyroid hormone, and some psychostimulants are often used as adjuncts in partial responders.ECT rTMS and VNS are used in HOSPITALIZATION Patients who have psychotic symptoms, are suicidal or homicidal or have severe CONTINUED TREATMENT Patients with 3+ episodes of depression, or patients with their first episode after the age of 50, may need lifelong maintenance illness may need to be hospitalized for stabilization. treatment. The initial treatment resistant cases. antidepressant O leads to remission in only 1 out of 3 T patients with depression. DID YOU KNOW? Some prescription medications including beta-interferon, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, mefloquine, and tamoxifen can cause depression as a side effect. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT There is a high rate of PROPER MEDICATION USE THERAPY comorbid substance Most patients with depression will benefit from a combination of When treating depression with antidepressants a 10 - 12 week trial is necessary to achieve remission. The dose abuse in major depression. Often it is necessary to treat the depression first even though ideally you would like the patient to stop abusing substances before medications and psychotherapy. Cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy are as efficacious as and the combination of medicine that gets you better, keeps you better and should be treating depression. If the substance abuse is antidepressants in mild to moderate continued for not treated, remission of depression is unlikely and recurrences of both maintenance therapy for at least 1 year. depression. more common. CAN SOMEONE WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION There are several successful people who have had STILL LEAD A SUCCESSFUL LIFE? major depression. Billy Joel Oprah Winfrey ENDS ab J.K. Rowling OPRAH W EGEN Charles Darwin Calvin Coolidge Buzz Aldrin Brad Pitt Eric Clapton NASA ALORIN Terry Bradshaw THIS INFOGRAPHIC WAS BROUGHT TO YOU BY GLOBAL MEDICAL EDUCATION For more information on bipolar disorder from the world's leading experts visit: www.gmeded.com Use Discount Code gmeinfo for free access SOURCES: http://www.psychiatry.wustl.edu http://www.en.wikipedia.org http://www.afsp.org http://www.nimh.nih.gov http://www.gmedled.com http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoocNews/storytid 67523178page 1UZpxUrT2hMI http://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/major-depression?page=-2 http://www.huffingtanpost.com/robert-leahy-phd/the-cost-of-depression b 770805.html http://www.therichest.org/cdn/368/276/75/c/wp-content/uploads/Terry-Bradshaw2.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rJxBR OPack/UVeOucsUDol/AAAAAAAAANY/ZIUhtsi-Sw/s1600/Eric+Clapton.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11).jpg http://2.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article1461271.ece/ALTERNATES/s615b/Brad+Pitt http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipediafcommons/thumb/0/0b/Calvin_Coolidge-Garo.jpg/220px-Calvin Coolicge-Garo.jpg http://www.biography.com/importec/images/Biography/Images/Protiles/D/Charles-Darwin-9266433-1-402.jpg http://images.starpulse.com/Photos/Previews/Billy-Joel-sp01.jpg http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/R/JK-Rowling-40998-1-402.jpg http://acelobrationofwomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/oprah-winfrey-22.jpg CME CME