The Sky's The Limit

Interstellar Space 14,500million km + (Oct. 11, 2011) Pioneer 10 Pioneer 11 Voyager 2 Voyager 1 New Horizon 84.364 AU 124.710billion km 21.532 AU 32.211billion km 103.863 AU 96.624 AU 118.985 AU 155.376billion km 144.547billion km 177.999billion km 96.546billion mi 77.491billion mi 89.817billion mi 100.603bilion mi 20.014billion mt 12.052km/s, 7.488mps 11.399km/s, 7.083mps 15.453km/s, 9.602mps 17.054km/s, 10.596mps 15.608km/s, 9.698mps Solar System 14,500million km Helios-A Fastest man made Object 70.22km/s, 43.63mps Heljos-A MESSENGER Vernera 1 Mars 2 Stardust Juno Cassini Voyager 1 Deep Impact Sun Mercury Venus Pioneer Venus 2 Mars Mars Global Surveyor Asteroid Jupiter Pioneer 10 Saturn Neptune Voyager 2 Voy ager 1 Comet Vega 1 Vega 2 Sakigake Pioneer 5 Mariner 10 Vernera 1 Vernera 11 Mariner 6 Mars Pathfinder Galieo Pioneer 11 Pioneer 11 Voyager 2 Voyager 1 Ulysses Cassini Pioneer 6 Mariner 2 Mariner 7 Nozomi NEAR Shoemaker Cassini Stardust MESSENGER Vernera 12 Voyager 1 Cassini Sun Pioneer 8 Zond 1 Vernera 13 Mars 2 Mars Climate Orbiter Helios-B Deep Space 2 Mars Polar Lander 2001 Mars Odyssey Mars Exploration Rovers Mars Express Mars Reconnaissance - Helios-A Vernera 3 Vernera 14 Mars 3 Giotto Vernera 15 Vernera 16 Megellan Venus Express Vernera 4 Mariner 5 Fastest man made object 70.22km/s, 43.63mps Helios-B Mars 4 Rosetta Suiset SMM Mars 5 Hayabusa Stardust Yohkoh Vernera 5 Mars 6 New Horizon New Horizon Deep Impact SOHO Vernera 6 Mars 7 Galileo CONTOUR Ulysses Vernera 7 Akatsuki Viking 1 Viking 2 Phobos 1 Juno STEREO Vernera 8 Orbiter PICARD Vernera 9 Voyager 2 Phoentx Vernera 10 Pioneer Venus 1 Phobos 2 Dawn Uranus Voy ager 2 Mars Observer Moon Moon Distance of Moon 385,000km Comparison with Earth Ranger 4 Ranger 6 Ranger 7 Ranger 8 Ranger 9 Surveyor Mariner 9 Luna 2 Hiten Chandrayaan 1 Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo 17 Explorer 49 Luna 5 Kaguya Luna 1 Apollo 11 Apollo 13 Apollo 15 Apollo 17 US CCCP Japan Inida Luna 7 Mag Luna 8 First Moon orbiter First manned Moon lander Manned Moon lander Manned Moon lander Manned Moon lander Fail to land on the Moon US 33 20 Luna 9 CCCP US US US Galileo Clementine Luna 11 25% 1.25% Lunar Orbiter 1 Luna 12 Surveyor 2 Lunar Orbiter 2 Lunar Prospector WIND Luna 13 HGS-1 Exo Luna 15 Diameter Mass China Chang'e 1 Lunar Oriter 3 LCROSS Zond 7 Luna 2 Apollo 12 Apollo 14 Apollo 16 Chang'2 2 Surveyor 3 Surveyor 4 Lunar Orbiter 4 Lunar Orbiter 5 GRAIL Luna 16 Thermo Zond 8 First Moon lander Manned Moon lander Manned Moon lander Manned Moon lander Luna 17 CCCP US US US Meso Luna 18 Strato Iropo Surveyor 5 Surveyor 6 Explorer 35 Apollo 10 Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 13 Apollo 14 Luna 19 16.6% Luna 20 SMART-1 Luna 21 EU Luna 22 Volume Gravity Luna 23 Luna 24 Earth Magnetosphere 70,000km | Oval Tear-drop shape Weather&Communication Satellite Companies Japan Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation Horizons China France Unided States Magnetic field protect us from the solar radiation and other space radiation. Generated by Earth core, emitting through north and south pole. GPS Satellites Inter- national Satellites Chinasat companies currently operating commercial communication satellite. RASCOM Eutelsat Air TV Asia Europe America Asynchronous Orbits 6,000-12,710mi 9,600-20,460km France Tolécom Stellat Astrolink DirecTV ChinaStar NTT DoCoMo Geostationary Orbits Sinosat SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation 22,223mi, 35,764km Télédiffusion de France EchoStar Asynchronous Orbits Satellites in an asynchronous orbit pass overhead at different times of the day. A satellite in asynchronous Hong Kong APT Satellite Holdings Limited Taiwan Chunghwa Telecom Globalstar Gemany Hughes Network Systems Iridium Satellite LLC Loral Skynet AsiaSat Deutsche Telekom orbit around the earth typically travels at a velocity of about 5 mi (8 km) per sec Philippines Mabuhay OHB System NAVSTAR 1 NAVSTAR II-1 GPS IIA-1 GPS IIR-1 GPS IIR-M-1 GPS IIF SV-1 Subsystems Satellite Applications India Orbcomm NAVSTAR II-2 NAVSTAR II-3 NAVSTAR II-4 NAVSTAR 2 GPS IIA-2 GPS IIR-2 Block IIR GPS IIR-M-2 GPS IIF SV-2 -Transponders, antenna, and switching systems -Engines -Tracking and stabilization subsystem -Power subsystema solar cells, and batteries Satellite radio Block 1 Block II Block IIA Block IIR Block IIF Telephone Agrani ISRO/Antrix (INSAT) ISRO/DECU (EDUSAT GSAT) Russia Russian Satel te Communication Company Gaskom PanAmSat Geostationary Orbit GEO is a geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth's equator, with a period equal to the Earth's rotational period and an orbital eccentricity of approximately zero. This equates to an orbital velocity of 3.07 km/s (1.91 mi/s). -M GPS IIR-M-3 GPS IIR-M-4 GPS IIR-M-5 NAVSTAR 3 GPS IIA-3 GPS IIR-3 Satellite television Sky Terra Spacenet Sirius Satellite Radio Saudi Arabja NAVSTAR 4 GPS IIA-4 GPS IIR-4 Fixed Service Satellite Arabsat NAVSTAR 5 NAVSTAR II-5 GPS IIA-5 GPS IIR-5 Direct broadcast satellite Global Information Systems Intersputnik Media Most (Bonum) NAVSTAR 6 NAVSTAR II-6 GPS IIA-6 GPS IIR-6 GPS IIR-M-6 Mobile sateli te Indonesia Singapore Teledesic NAVSTAR 7 NAVSTAR II-7 GPS IIA-7 GPS IIR-7 GPS IIR-8 GPS IIR-M-7 technologies PT Datakom PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara Singapore Telecommunications TerreStar NAVSTAR II-8 NAVSTAR II-9 NAVSTAR 8 GPS IIA-8 GPS IIR-M-8 1worldspace NAVSTAR 9 NAVSTAR 10 GPS IIR-9 GPS IIR-10 GPS IIA-9 -Command and control Satellite Internet United Kingdom ICO Satellite Management Polar Orbits PT Telkom United Arab Emirates WildBlue GPS IIA-10 subsystem Military uses A polar orbit is an orbit in which a satellite passes Thuraya XM Satellite Radio GPS IIA-11 GPS IIR-11 GPS IIR-12 NAVSTAR 11 above or nearly above both poles of the body being South Korea YahSat Inmarsat XTAR NAVSTAR 12 GPS IIA-12 orbited on each revolution. It therefore has an KT GPS IIA-13 GPS IIR-13 inclination of 90 degrees to the equator. Exosphere 600-10,000km | -93~1727C Escape Velocity European Space Agency JAXA MOS-1 (Momo-1) MOS-1b (Momo-1b) JERS-1 (FUYO-1) ADEOS (Midori) ADEOS II (Midori II) Geostationary Operational NA SA Argentina Space Agency ICBM (InterContinental Ballistic Misjle) Space Shuttle Observation Satellites Ty pe of Observation GOES Environmental Satellite NASA TIMED CONAE SAC-A the escape velocity of zero mass test particles relative to the barycenter of the masses generating ESA Oceansat-2 JAXA Satellites GOES9 TOPEX/Poseidon SAC-B IMS-1 17,320mph, 27,870Okm/h 120-600mi, 190-960km the field. Asynchronous Orbits Weather GOES10 Upper Atmosphere SAC-C Cartosat-2A Nuclear: 1-10 300-600mi, 480-97 Okm Earth = 11.2km/s 40,320km/h 25,053mph Environmental Monitoring Mapping GOES12 Research Satellite SAC-D CARTOSAT-2 745mi, 1,200km IRS P5 (CARTOSAT-1) IRS P6 (Resourcesat 1) IRS P4 (Oceansat 1) SAOCOM GOSAT ALOS PALSAR IRS P3 AVNIR-2 Earth Observing System Aqua (EOS PM-1) Aura Commercial National Polar-orbiting NPOESS Operational Environmental Satellite System Science Satellites Russian Federal IRS P2 PRISM Type of Science Satellites Researching plants and animals Earth science, such as monitoring volcanoes, tracking wildlife. Astronomy, using the Infrared Astronomy Satellite Physics, by NASA's future study of microgravity andthe current Ulysses Mission studying solar physics. Low Earth orbit (LEO) Geocentric orbits ranging in altitude from 0-2000 km (0-1240 miles) ROS Cos COM Disaster Monitoring Constellation Space Agency Elektro-L EOS IRS 10 EROS IRS 10 Asynchronous Orbits 3,000-6,000mi, 4,800-9700km NOAA-15 NOAA-16 GRACE FORMOSAT-2 Monitor-E IRS 1B Jason 1 IKONOS Resurs-DK1 IRS 1A Medium Earth orbit (MEO) Ocean Surface Topography Mission Orbview -2 Orbiting Carbon Observatory Terra (EOS AM-1) QuickBird NOAA-17 Geocentric orbits ranging in altitude from 2,000 km (1,200 mi) to just below geosynchronous orbit at 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Also known as an RapidEye NOAA-18 SPOT NOAA-19 GMS-1 GMS-2 TerraSAR-X intermediate circular orbit. COSMO-Sky Med Worldview-1 GMS-3 GMS-4 High Earth orbit (HEO) Worldview-2 Geocentric orbits above the altitude of Geo Eye-1 GMS-5 geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi). Thermosphere 85-600km | -93-1727C° ISS (International The anacoustic zone is the region of the atmosphere of Earth above about 160 kilometers (99 mi) where there are still enough gas molecules to produce substantial drag, but they aren't close enough to transmit sound because the probability of molecular collisions is so low Space Center) Skylab Space Shuttle Launch Vehicle Minotaur 1 Soyuz-U Delta 4 Saturn 5 Launch vehicle or carrier rocket is expendable for one-time use. 17,239mph, 27,748km/h 173-286mi, 278-460km 17,200mph, 27,700km/h 184-262mi, 296-421km 17,320mph, 27,870km/h 120-600mi, 190-960km Rocket needs to carry a payload from earth surface into outer space. Launch system includes the launch vehicle, launch pad and other infrastructure. Type of Launch Plateform Land Small Lift Sea Launch Vehicle Air Sputnik 1 Mir Space Center SpaceShipOne Medium Lift Heavy Lift Super-Heavy Lift Aurora 0-2,000kg 0-4,400lbs Type of Size Sounding Rocket Sub-orbital spacefight Kármán line 17,403mph, 28,008km/h 134mi, 215km 17,200mph, 27,700km/h 184-262mi, 296-421km 1,836mph, 2,995km/h 69.593mi, 112.014km 20,000-50,000kg 22,000-110,200lbs 2,000-20,000kg 50,000kg+ Low Earth Orbit 4,400-22,0001bs 110,2001bs+ 62mi, 100km 99.99997% Hubble Space Telescope 169,20mph, 27,000km/h 347 mi, 559km Air mass below 100km Mesosphere 50-85km | -3~-93C° The mesosphere lies above the maximum altitude for aircraft and below the minimum altitude for orbital spacecraft. It has only been accessed through the use of sounding rockets. As a result, it is the most poorly understood part of the atmosphere. The presence of red sprites and blue jets (electrical discharges or ightning within the lower mesosphere), noctilucent clouds and density shears within the poorly understood layer are of current scientific interest. Noctilucent Cloud Meteors The Highest clouds in the Earth Millions of meteors enter atomosphere per day 47-52mi, 76-85km Average of 40 tons Mostly melt or vaporize in Mesosphere Visible only when illuminated by sunlight from below the horizon Stratosphere 15-50km | -52~3C° Ozone layer 15- 35km about 90% of the ozone in this layer F-15C Eagle F-22 Raptor F-35A Lightning2 B2 Spirit B-52 Stratofortress JAS 39 Gripen US Sweden 1,650+mph, 2,660+km/h 65,000ft, 20,000m 1,500mph, 2,410km/h 65,000ft, 19,812m 1,200mph, 1,930km/h 60,000ft, 18,288m 630mph, 1,010km/h 50,000ft, 15,200m 650mph, 1,047km/h 50,000ft, 15,000m 1,372mph, 2,204km/h 50,000ft, 15,240m Mikoyan MiG-29 Sukhoi Su-27 Sukhoi PAK FA Tupolev Tu-160 Eurofighter Typhoon Weather Ballon SR-71 Blackbird Russia England 1,490mph, 2,400km/h 59,100ft, 18,013m 1,550mph, 2,500km/h 62,523ft, 18,500m 1,560mph, 2,5O0km/h 65,600ft, 20,000m 1,380mph, 2,220km/h 49,200ft, 15,000m 1,550mph, 2,495km/h 64,990ft, 19,810m Filled with helium or hydrogen 60-120,000ft, 18-37km 2,200+mph, 3,530+km/h 85,000ft, 25,900m Dassault Rafale France 1,323mph, 2,130+km/h 55,000ft, 16,800m 90% Air mass below 16km Troposphere O~15km | 19~-52C° 767-200,ER 530mph, 851km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 767-300,ER,F 530mph, 851km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 767-400ER 777-200,ER, LR 560mph, 905km/h 43,100ft, 13,140m 485mph, 780km/h 35,000ft, 10,700m 737-200 Adv 485mph, 780km/h 35,000ft, 10o,700m 737-3,4,500 485mph, 780km/h 37,000ft, 11,300m 737-6,7,8,900 511mph, 823km/h 41,000ft, 12,500m 555mph, 893km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 555mph, 893km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 555mph, 893km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 747-400,ER 567 mph, 913km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 570mph, 918km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 787-8 567mph, 913km/h Planetary boundary 0-1000m/3000m makes turbulent diffusion 43,000ft, 13,100m 43,000ft, 13,100m 737-100 747-100B 747-200B 777-300,ER 560mph, 905km/h 43,100ft, 13,140m 787-9 567mph, 913km/h Boeing 747-300 530mph, 851km/h 35,000ft, 11,000m 747-8I A300B4,600R 515mph, 829km/h 35,000ft, 10,700m A319,CJ,100 A320-200 A300-200,F 537mph, 871km/h A300-300 A310-200,F 528mph, 850km/h 41,000ft, 12,500m 511mph, 828km/h 39,000ft, 12,000m 511mph, 828km/h 39,000ft, 12,000m 511mph, 828km/h 39,000ft, 12,000m 511mph, 828km/h 39,000ft, 12,000m 41,100ft, 12,527 m 41,100ft, 12,527 m A318-100 99% A300-600F 515mph, 829km/h 35,000ft, 10,700m A310-300,F 528mph, 850km/h 41,000ft, 12,500m 537mph, 871km/h Air Bus A321-200 Water vapor, aerosols 537mph, 871km/h 41,099ft, 12,527m 537mph, 871km/h 41,099ft, 12,527m 543mph, 881km/h 41,099ft, 12,527m 543mph, 881km/h 41,099ft, 12,527m A340-200 A380-800 587 mph, 945km/h 43,028ft, 13,115m F-117 Nighthawk Tupolev Tu-95 A340-300 50% US Russia 617mph, 993km/h 45,000ft, 13,716m A340-500 570mph, 920km/h 45,000ft, 13,716m A340-600 Air mass below 5.6km The Sky's the limit A compilation of man-made objects that fly in the sky. The atmosphere is usually where manned airplanes or spacecrafts fly. However, above the atmosphere, due to extreme condition and expanse, manned crafts rarely fly there. Only small, scientific research focused objects breaks the earth's orbit to reach stars and planets for the sake of discovery. Since the Wright brothers flew in the sky in 1903, man kind has tried to explore our limits in sky. This is the poster about how far in the atmosphere man-made objects have traveled.