A Quick Look at Programming Languages

A QUICK LOOK AT PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES YEAR: 1957 LANGUAGE: FORTRAN FORmulaTRANslation, is the oldest language still in use. Created by John Backus, the language was developed to perform high-level scientific, mathematical, statistical computations. The language is still used in aerospace, automotive industries, government, and research institutions. ) Used by NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE A LOOK AT THE CODE: C Hello World in Fortran 77 C (lines must be b characters Tim Jenner / Shutterstock.com Created in 1874 to indented) increase typing speed, the QWERTY keyboard was responsible for the majority of computer languages ever created. The arrangement was set based on an analysis of keys likely to cause jams and designing the QWERTY board to separate likely offenders, like T and H. PROGRAM REELECT WRITE(UNIT =*, FMT=*) 'I like Ike' END YEAR:1959 LANGUAGE:COBOL COmmon Business Oriented Language is behind the majority of business transaction systems running credit card processing, ATMS, telephone and cell calls, hospital systems, government, automotive systems, and traffic signal systems. The COBOL development team, lead by Dr. Grace Murray Hopper, set out to create a uniform, user-friendly language for business transactions. W UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE. ) Used by UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE A LOOK AT THE CODE: IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. StandardAlert. AUTHOR. Fabritius. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION- CONFIGURATION SECTION. INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION - DATA DIVISION. FILE SECTION- WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. LINKAGE SECTION. PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY "DANGER! DESTROY!". In 1937, Binary Code was Claude Shannon's thesis on translating text into mathematical code was Computers still speak binary code, but most modern STOP RUN. the foundation for the first fully operational electromechanical computer, programmers never touch the Os and 1s. Zuse's 1941 Z3. YEAR: 1964 LANGUAGE: BASIC Developed by students at Dartmouth College, Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code was designed to be a simplified language for those without a strong technical or mathematical background. A modified version, written by Bill Gates and Paul Allen became Microsoft's first product. It was sold to M.I.T.S. for the Altair. > INTEGER BASIC RAN THE ORIGINAL APPLE II IN 1977 A LOOK AT THE CODE: 100 BEGIN 101 GOTO 102 102 PRINT "HOW ABOUT Basic has over 2 million lines of code in use, in 1975 there were only 4,000. A NICE GAME OF CHESS?" 103 END YEAR: 1969 LANGUAGE: C C was developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system. It was named "C" because its features were derived from an earlier language called "B." C had become powerful enough that most of the Unix kernel was rewritten in C - one of the first operating system kernels implemented in a language other than assembly. » LINUX TODAY IS BASED ON C A LOOK AT THE CODE: #include main() puts ("your first C program"); YEAR:1970 LANGUAGE: PASCAL The language was named for Blaise Pascal, credited for inventing the first adding machine in 1641. Niklaus Wirth created Pascal as a teaching tool and it grew to into widespread commercial use. » Used by SKYPE (OBJECT PASCAL) A LOOK AT THE CODE: PROGRAM SageAdvice (OUTPUT); BEGIN WRITELN('If you spent all those hours'); WRITELN('Learning C instead of Pascal'); WRITELN(' you might have a job now.'); END. The first version of Word had 27,000 lines of code. Today, the current version of Office has over 30 million. YEAR: 1983 LANGUAGE: C++ From Bell Labs, Bjarne Stroustrup modified the C language to C++ and created what many consider the most popular programming language ever. It's been listed in the top ten programming languages since 1986 and achieved Hall of Fame status in 2003. » Used by MS OFFICE; ADOBE PDF READER; FIREFOX A LOOK AT THE CODE: #include using namespace stdi int main( ) cout<< "C++ is the grade you get when you're very1 very slightly above average. " < more than 50 million lines of code. YEAR: 1995 LANGUAGE: JAVA A team of Sun Microsystems developers lead by James Gosling created Java to run set top boxes for interactive television. Java now runs on over 1.1 billion PCs worldwide and many websites can't function with out it. » Used by 2004 MARS ROVERS A LOOK AT THE CODE: public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out println("I will now interrupt you with update notifications every other day for the rest of your life."); ш YEAR: 1995 LANGUAGE: JAVASCRIPT Java and Javacript are unrelated and have very different semantics. JavaScript was originally developed by Brendan Eich of Netscape under the name Mocha. JavaScript uses syntax influenced by that of C. Although meant to run on the client (browser) it is now finding use on the server as node.js. Also, AJAX is dependent on Javascript. O rackspace. » Used by RACKSPACE (CLIENT SIDE) HÖSTING A LOOK AT THE CODE: YEAR:2005 LANGUAGE: RUBY ON RAILS (Framework for programming language, Ruby) Ruby on Rails was extracted by David Heinemeier Hansson from his work on Basecamp, a project management tool by 37signals. Hansson first released Ruby on Rails as open source in July 2004, but did not share commit rights to the project until February 2005. It is now on version 3.0.7 and has more than 1,800 contributors. A single game application for the iPhone uses around 2 million lines of code. A LOOK AT THE CODE: def section_link (name1options) if options[:action) == acurrent_action and options[:controller] == @current_controller link_to (name, options1 :class => 'on') else link_to(namenoptions) end end PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE POPULARITY MAY 2011 RPG SCHEME TRANSACT/SQL PASCAL ADA LISP ASSEMBLY DELPHI LUA JAVASCRIPT RUBY PERL VISUAL (BASIC) ΡΥTHON OBJECTIVE-C PHP C# C++ JAVA 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%