The Manual Photography Cheat Sheet

THE MANUAL PHOTOGRAPHER'S CHEAT SHEET Forget the retro filters on your camera phone. Instead, why not pick up a film camera and create the dreamy colours, effects and flaws that can only truly be captured with analogue-photography? Using a film camera requires a bit of forethought to what, where and how you want to shoot. STEP ONE Ii PICK YOUR FILM wwwwwwww This will depend on the type of camera you're using - check camera markings if you're unsure. CHOOSE YOUR SIZE NUMBER OF SHOTS FORMAT IMAGE SIZE 35 mm 25 x 36mm 12 24 36 16 32 6 x 4.5cm (645) 56 x 42mm per (120 roll) per (220 roll) Medium format 12 24 6х бст 56 x 56mm per (120 roll) per (220 roll) (120 or 220 film) 10 20 6 x 7cm 56 x 72mm per (120 roll) per (220 roll) 4 x 5" 10 x 125mm Sheet Large format 5 x 7" 127 x 178mm Sheet 8x 10" 203 x 254mm Sheet FILM SIZE COMPARISON 645 6x 6 6x 7 35 mm 8 x 10 5x 7 4 x 5 Different ISO film speeds are used for different light conditions. DECIDE ON YOUR ISO ISO 50 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 FLM SPEED ALM SPEE) ALASPEED FILM SPEED FILM IPEED FILM SPEED FLM SPEED RECOMMENDED CONDITIONS Very bright sunlight (white sand or snow) Bright sunlight (sunny day) Sunlight (same shade) Sunlight, overcast Night time, indoors Overcast, dusk Night time, indoors TIP TIP НАРPY HIGH GRAIN MEDIUM The higher the ISO, the grainier your photos will appear. Use an ex:ernal flash or longer shutter speed and tripod at night with a lower ISO to get around this. If you're sarting out, ISO 400 is a good all-purpose film that can be used for most conditions. Once you have your tools and equipment, it's time to play around with the settings. STEP TWO ADJUST YOUR SETTINGS The below adjustments apply to digital SLRS as well as film. This controls the diameler of the lens opening, which then controls the amount of light that is let in. APERTURE Large aperture Small aperture 000000 Lets in Lets in less light more light f2.8 f4 f 5.6 f8 f11 f 16 f 22 Greatest depth of field Shallow depth of field Changing the aperture also changes the depth of field (DOF). You'll want a arger aperture with shallow DOF for portraits You'll want a smaller so the subject is sharp and the background is soft. aperture with greater DOF for landscapes so that everything appears sharp. f 2.8 f8 f 22 This controls how fast the shutter opens and closes, which, alongside apcrturc, controls how much light is let in. SHUTTER SPEED More motion blur SHUTTER SPEED EXAMPLE SCENARIO LOVE BULB Light painting 30" ********* Car trail lights at night 15 8" City lights at night 4" 2" 1" 1/2 Waterfall 1/4 1/8 1/15 Landscape 1/30 Portrait 1/60 TIP 1/125 Experiment with panning to give a sense of movement. This involves using a slower shutter speed and tracking the subject smootaly as it moves. 1/250 1/500 1/1000 Stop image of a bird in flight 1/2000 ............- Stop image of a race car 1/1000 TIP Consider the distance of the Less motion blur object. Closer objects will appear faster to the camera, so make sure you hold your camera steady to minimize blur Your camera's light meter will indicate if ycur aperture and shutter speed settings are too dark or too bright. GET THE RIGHT EXPOSURE OVEREXPOSED WARNING MARK UNDEREXPOSED WARNING MARK If you camera is missing a light meter, or it is broken, there's still a way to properly expose your photos: THE SUNNY 16 RULE If it's a sunny day, set aperture to f/16 and shutter speed closest to the reciprocal of your ISO: Use f/16 for sunny settings, but go down for less bright ccnditicns: f/11 for cloudy daylight ISO ISO ISO f/8 for overcast 50 100 200 f/5.6 for outdoor shade use: use: use: 1/60 sec 1/125 sec 1/250 sec f/4 for dark shade STEP THREE TAKE YOUR SHOT Some golden rules are as follows - but remember; photography is an art form, so don't be afraid to break them. RULE OF THIRDS NEGATIVE SPACE Cut your frame into thirds using horizontal and vertical lines. Compose the photo so that there's a point of interest on the lines and/or intersections. Space around an object can give it room to breatje. EXPERIMENT WITH CONVERGING LINES BODY CROPPING Use lines in your frame to draw the eye towards a focal point. Don't cut off body parts except at the mid chest, waist or mid thigh region. REPETITION Fill your frame up with a pattern. The key will be to zoom in c.ose enough so the pattern is continuous. With analogue photography, mistakes are irreversible – which makes it all the more fun. Just carry that camera everywhere and keep snapping away. Practice makes perfect (pictures). Sources 35mm, Medium Format, and Large Format Film Photography - guidetofilmphotography.com Wher. to Use Different ISO Film Speeds – guidetofilmphotography.com Film Formats – kenrockwell.com What is the EXACT size of a 4x5 film? [message thread] - photc.net Large Formats - rogerandfrances.com What is ISO (Film Speed)? – istillshootfilm.org What is Aperture in Photography? - school-of-digital-photography.com Tables for Aperture f-stop, Shutter Speed, ISO and EV – scantips.com Using Telephoto Lenses – cambridgeincolour.com Accurate Exposure with Your Meter – kodak.co.m Sunny 16 and Beyond – everydayaperture.com. 40 Tips to Take Better Photos - petapixel.com Rule of Thirds Definition & Examples – learnprophotography.com Positive and Nega:ive Space - learnprophotcgraphy.com Shelp. SG (2010). A Comprehensive Beginner's Guide to Photography [Second Edition). Selective Focus Fress. Brought to you by at www.zippi.co.uk/thestudio in