How Engineers Are Fighting Traffic
ROAD CONGESTION RELIEF: How Engineers Are Fighting Traffic TRAFFIC ISSUES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES: MOST COMMON CONGESTION STATISTICS AND REASONS TRAFFIC CONGESTION GLOBAL TIMELINE REVIEW 2013 2014 2017 2050 50% of populace drove one million vehicles through urban areas 80% of cars will have real-time Congestion tripled GDP growth rate 70% of populace will drive four million vehicles through urban connectivity, reducing 30% of parking-related congestion areas UNITED STATES SEATTLE ECONOMIC DRIVING FORCE 2013: Congestion increased 6% Seattle: 4.25% job growth, 37 hours congestion (two-hour increase from 2012) 2013: Average driver wasted 47 hours per year in traffic SAN JOSE :**** Austin: 6.6% job growth, 41 hours congestion (three-hour increase from 2012) Bottom "Worst City": San Jose - 35 hours wasted per driver per LOS ANGELE .... year BUSIEST AVERAGE DAYS/TIME Top "Worst City": Los Angeles - 64 hours . wasted per driver per Morning: Tues, 8 am - 9 am Evening: Friday, 5 pm – 6 pm Average extra travel time: 12% AUSTIN year CONGESTION REASONS BOTTLENECKS TRAFFIC INCIDENTS WORK ZONES 40% lane width, merge points, grades 25% 10% crashes, disabled vehicles, hazardous debris construction projects, diversions, closed roads SPECIAL EVENTS AND WEATHER TRAFFIC EMERGENCIES 15% 5% 5% railroad crossings, badly timed traffic signals political/sports events, marathons, fires snow, hail, wind Congestion combinations: more cars on increasingly congested highways and freeways Peak Travel Times Are 2% 28% 37% 60% per year Rate of highway and freeway usage growth longer than free-flowing times Congested freeway sections ALLEVIATE FUTURE TRAFFIC ISSUES 10-15 years New programs/projects/funding: 2020 Cost of Population and Employment Growth Congestion costs: $200 BILLION 2$ Hours of delay: $8.4 BILLION Wasted fuel gallons: $4.5 BILLION Average commuter cost per year: Average fuel cost of congestion: $1,020, 45 hours $22 BILLION 25 huel galons $5 per gallon at Strategies for Reducing Congestion Open up known congested areas More public transportation Increase speed and efficiency of urban freight movement (80% of peak time delays) Freeway congestion: 40% Street congestion: 60% Why: Trucks contribute 20%+ urban congestion, over 7% of vehicle miles traveled (VMT), idling $27 billion 2011: Saved 865 delay hours, 450 gallons of gas, $20 billion VISUALIZE PROPOSED SOLUTIONS FUTURE SOLUTIONS IN PROGRESS (to be completed 2020) 26 national and regional projects (PNRS) Cost: $1.78 billion Spent by October 2012: $903 million (56% of total) Example: Gerald Desmond Bridge Project Goal: Replace old four-lane bridge with six-lane bridge supported by cable stays, reconstruct I-710 freeway/bridge exchanges Reason: 25% U.S. "waterborne container volume" passes through either the l-710 Corridor or the GD Bridge 2025 projection: daily reduction of 5,115 vehicle hours and 28,245 miles Reduce frequent truck accidents - add shoulders and extra travel lanes NEW FIELD TECHNOLOGIES IN DEVELOPMENT Freight Advanced Traveler Information Systems (FRATIS) App Bundles (Freight and Drayage) Combines real-time travel, performance and routing information Load-matching + freight exchange information Minimizes empty loads, wasted travel time Customized itineraries Goal : centralize data, improve freight terminal information Replace uncoordinated information sources: CB radio (48%), AM/FM radio (45%), electronic message signs (23%) "Younger" technology: smart phone apps (23%), GPS (22%) Better freight data improves drivers' decisions: route changes pre-departure (42%), route changes post-departure (47%), assignment acceptance or rejection (11%), arrival time changes (11%) Example: Los Angeles/Long Beach dispatchers began using 50 FRATIS units in December 2013 Parking Technology Goal : improve parking access, payment automation, real-time pricing Example: Seattle's Performance-Based Parking System – dynamic messages + Internet information point drivers to 12,500 parking spaces Example: Washington, D.C. "pay-by-phone program" -80% of 7 million parkers paid by credit, mobile money and PayPal Improved Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Goal: reduce rear-end crashes, offer real-time diversion options Example: Effingham, Illinois l-70M-57 6-mile Interchange Time: December 2010 - October 2012 Daily Traffic: 45,000 vehicles, 45% trucks (daytime) Automated Work Zone System by Ver-Mac: 25 remote-controlled variable message signs, 25 centralized portable traffic sensors, 20 remote cameras, 1 monitoring website and base station, over 76 miles Cost: $1.5 million Active Traffic Management Systems Goal: manage street and freeway congestion (special events, roadwork, accidents) Example: Las Vegas's Freeway and Arterial System for Transportation (FAST) Devices used by 2012: 1,000 (CCTV, traffic sensors, signal detection cameras, ramp meters, CMS signs) with 200 on order 2011 "crumb rubber" overlay project: 5.5 miles, 9% delay reduction, 11% stop-and-go reduction Autonomous Vehicles (AV) 2013: Google cars drove 435,000 California public miles 2025: Audi, Nissan, and Volvo ell viable AV AV Goals ( Minimize stop-and-go Fuel economy boost: 23% Increase traffic speeds: 39% Reduce human-error fatal crashes (40%) related to alcohol, distraction, fatigue Reduce 2.2 million injury-related crashes costing $300 billion Why: crashes =12.5% of all congestion Sources NJIT http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/ http://d2dtl5nnipfrOr.cloudfront.net/tti tamu.edu/documents/mobility-report-2012-wappx.pdf http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion/describing_problem.htm http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion_report/executive_summary.htm http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/freight/policy/rpt_congress/prns13rptcong/index.htm http://www.its.dot.gov/dma/dma_development.htm http://www.freightmobility.com/Pres/02_19_2014_TIMTC_Dynamic_Truck_Routing_Web.pdf http://www.parking.org/media/245544/2013_emerging%20trends_web.pdf http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop14007/fhwahop14007 pdf http://scorecard.inrix.com/scorecard/keyfindings.asp http://www.inrix.com/scorecard/key-findings-us/ http://swrpa.org/Files/Transfer.aspx?pid=408 http://www.enotrans.org/wp-content/uploads/wpsc/downloadables/AV-paper.pdf New Jersey Institute of Technology %24
How Engineers Are Fighting Traffic
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