The history of plumbing

calloutplumnbers.co.uk 然 f 东 KA THE HISTORY OF PLUMBING The Egyptians are adept at drainage construction, 2500 B.C accentuated the significance that water plays in their priestly rituals of purification and those affecting the burial of the kings. The Minoan Palace of Knossos on 1760 B.C the isle of Crete features four separate drainage systems that empty into the great sewers constructed of stone. King Hammurabi Babylonia personally directs provincial govemors to dig and dredge the canal on a continuous basis and to prevent neglect of those canals. 1700 B.C The Assyrian king Sennacherib develops a 10 mile long canal in three stages including 18 fresh water courses from the mountains, two dams and water diversion and a chain of canals. 800 B.C 705 B.C The first sewers of Rome are build and are called the Cloaca Maxima. Aqueducts, which supply water to Roman baths, are first built. 312 B.C Sir John Harrington invents a "washout" closet anew, similar to the drainage principle on the isle of Crete. 4th Century A.D 1596 Rome has 11 public baths. 1,352 public fountains and cisterns, and 856 private baths. 1738 1775 Another Englishman, Alexander Cumming, Patents the forerunner of the toilet used today. JF Brondel introduces the valve type flush toilet. Josepth Bramah The Tremont Hotel of patents an improved Boston becomes the version of England passes the national Public health Act, which becomes a model plumbing code for the word to follow. first hotel to have Cumming's invention 1778 with hinged valves. has eight water closets The "Bramah" also build by Isaiah Rogers. becomes a prototype for closets on boasts indoor plumbing and 1848 and ships. 1829 The first packaged toilet paper is invented by American joseph Gayetty and called Gayetty's Medicated Paper. 1857 1858 1870 Thomas Twyford comes up with improved version of the Bramah which contains no George Jennings Popularizes public lavatories. metal parts and is credited with the revolutionary design of a one-piece toilet. Bath and Plumbing of Ancient Societies Toilet Seats for the working class were at times made of timestone. Other used toilet stools. Householders seem to have collected their sewage in pits, dumped it into the river or disposed of it in the streets EGYPT The mortuary temple of King Suhura at Abusir was furnished with metal fitting for use as lavatories. The outlet of the basin closed with a lead stopper attached to a chain and bronze ring. The idea of the bath tub was a polished marble bowl about 30" height. The owner would stand in the tub and have a slave douse, him with water over his head and his body. The palace of King Minos featured decorated walls and plaster stands which held ewers nd washing basins. At the heart was a five foot long. tapered bathtub which was filled and emptied by hand. The tub was painted terra cotta, and decorated in bas relief of watery mofit of reeds. GREECE The public baths were the city centers of group enjoyment, places of gossip and contact. To prolong their pleasure and relaxation, the Romands developed hot water and stem system that evolved to service colossal structures. The baths of the Emperor Caracalla of Rome covered nearly 28 acre site. It Contained more than 1,600 marble seats, ROME In the cold water bath pomeii, water was supplied through a bronze spout. An artificial lake created for Augustus measured 1,800 long 1200 wide Inside a house or apartment waste was stored in glass urinal or metal chamber until filled. Tenants usually disposed of the contents by tossing them out the doors, or windows. The chamber pots of the working class were usually made of cooper, although later one might be of crockery. The chamber pots for the rich and royalty were solid silver. James i had his chamber pot encased in leather box and locked shut with a key. The "Close stool" of Henry VII was padded in black velvet, trimmed with ribbons fringes. and quitting, all tacked on with 2,000 gilt nails. ENGLAND People of Slavic origins would build themselves banyans by first building a hut then placing a large tub containing red-hot stones inside it. They then took hempseed and threw it on top of the stones. RUSSIA In the courtyard of Solomon's Temple stood the "molten sea" Said to have held 2,000 baths. it was used by the celebrants to was their hands and feet before entering the JERUSALLEM sanctuary. MESOPOTAMIA, Nebuchadnezzar "bath" in all actually was a shower. Slaves poured water over him as he washed with soap made of ashes of certain plants and fats. 555,900 plumbers and pipefitters working in the united States 16% The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that plumbing industry will grow by 16 percent between 2008 and 2018. Sources: http://www.mauswell-hill.com/foxandco/pages/history.htm http://inventors.about.com/od/pstarilmventions/a/plumbing 4.htm http://www.quoracom/what aresome-important-statistic-and-trends-on-the-plumbing-industry-in-the-USA http://smallbusiness.chrom.com/open.plumbing-business.2467.html http://www.bts.gov/ocos211.htm