Ethiopia: On the Path from Famine to Food Security

ETHIOPIA ON THE PATH FROM FAMINE TO FOOD SECURITY HISTORY 1888-1892 1896 1929 1957-1958 1964-1966 1974 1978-1979 1982 1984-1985 1972-1974 1987-1988 1991 1990-1992 1993-1994 1997-2000 1999-2000 2002-2003 2005 2008-2009 2010 Hale Selasie is Failed rains and Vielence enupts after electiora Govemment launches food security Rinderpest decimates cattle Drought of undocumented New government Raira fail, and Raine fal in Confict leads Five year Growth and Rains fail decines in Evestock prices Drought induces lead to food security crisis in Somal. Rus Tafari depased by the succesaively. 50% military. Mengiatu documented of livestock is lest Hale Mariam Raina fail Drought atrik to localized food shortages in Ertrea and northern Tigray Localiand drought ocours in southern Ethiopia. Ethiopian army deleata kalian 1957. Locusta Poorly proclaimed as Emperor Haile Selassie. Saonal rain come late. Seasonal succivly Much lvestock soverity strikes peripheral ia led by Meles population and leads to high regianal confics 4 milion people and human regional contica Translormation require food assistance. rains fail crop shartages epidemic rike in 10se troops famine occurs. Zenawi. break out Plan is in Tigray and Wollo. leads the Derg governement. is lost. human death tol. regiors. announced. programs TIITT 1 MILLION 100,000 250,000 250,000 = 100,000 FAMINE DEATHS Drought is a fact of life that contributes to episodes of high food insecurity, but Ethiopia has greatly reduced drought-related deaths. 2 MILLIÓN SUCCESSES Ethiopia has made strong progress in increasing economic growth, building infrastructure, and reducing poverty-and modest progress in improving food security. I PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROGRAMME IINFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT 3,402 ELECTRICITY THOUSANDS OF KILOWATTS 331.5 737.7 The PSNP delivers cash or food transfers to 17% 7-8 million rural Ethiopians for six months of every year, either through public works or for free as direct support. It is the largest social protection program in Africa south of the Sahara, after South Africa, and the first to PAVED ROADS THOUSANDS OF KILOMETERS 28.0 424 I GROWTH 13% 1.489 1991 2009 ANNUAL GDP GROWTH 4.3% combine food and cash transfers. 8.2% ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL GROWTH 2.9% AVERAGE FOR 2006, 2007, 6.2% 1991- 2001- 2001 2009 1991 2009 & 2008 | POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS | CEREAL YIELDS While Ethiopia remains heavily rural and agricultural, its agricultural productivity is still extremely low. ICEREAL PRODUCED AND MARKETED CEREAL PRODUCTION IPOVERTY PEOPLE LIVING ON LESS THAN $1.25 A DAY I CALORIES CONSUMED PER DAY MILLION METRIC TONS 56 I MOVING FORWARD: ETHIOPIA'S POLICY CHALLENGES 10.7 61% 39% URBAN AREAS 2.060 2400 • SUSTAINING GROWTH IN CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION INCREASING MARKET EFFICIENCY • PROVIDING EFFECTIVE SAFETY NETS • MAINTAINING MACROECONOMIC INCENTIVES AND STABILITY • MANAGING THE RURAL-URBAN TRANSFORMATION SHARE OF PRODUCTION SOLD AT MARKET 19% 1991 2009 19% RURAL AREAS 28% I UNDERNOURISHMENT 1,900 SHARE MARKETED BY THE GOVERNMENT 2,800 40% PEOPLE CONSUMING TOO FEW CALORIES 1994- 2004- 1995 2005 65% 45% 2000 2005 1980- 2001- 1990 2008 CHALLENGES A new book, Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia: Progress and Policy Challenges, edited by IFPRI researchers Paul Dorosh and Shahidur Rashid, presents evidence of the rapid political, economic, and agricultural changes that have taken place in Ethiopia in the past two decades. Ethiopia has made major advances toward increasing growth and improv- ing human well-being. Looking ahead, it faces both challenges and opportunities. Design: C.Hallowell/IFPRI. For full sources, see P.A Dorosh and S. Rashid, Food and Agriculture in Ethlopia: Progress and Policy Challenges (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press for the International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013). INSIGHTS IFPRInfographic ifpri.org MAGAZINE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE