Five Bridge Technologies in History

BRIDGING THE GAP FIVE DIFFERENT BRIDGE TECHNOLOGIES IN HISTORY and the Cities. People. & Culture they connect 1. CLAPPER BRIDGES ARE CONSTRUCTED OF UNMORTARED STONE SLABS BUILT ON STONE SLAB PIERS IN THE WATER AND ARE SOME OF THE OLDEST BRIDGES IN THE WORLD TARR STEPS ANPING BRIDGE BUILT IN the MIDDLE AGES In the 14TH CENTURY ............................................ FIRST RECORDED MENTION NOT a true clapper bridge, but it was built in a clapper-like style, with stone "beams" stretching across each span 180 FT ACROSS BUILT IN 1138 during the Southern Song Dynasty LASTED 13 YEARS CONSTRUCTION the RIVER BARLE Exmoor, SOMERSET, REBUILT TWICE 1st 1952 2nd 2013 UK Fujian Province, THE LARGEST OF THE STONE BEAMS 25 TONS. WEIGHS CHINA 17 SPANSEACH SPAN is made of a 8 FT. LONG, 2.2 TONSTONE STONE BEAMS 331 BRIDGE PIERS SUPPORTED BY ON COMPLETION 1.6MILES LONG FODAY1.3 MILES LONG but Its ORIGINAL REASON for construction is UNKNOWN, but today a ford next to the bridge is a public highway, suggesting it has long been an IMPORTANT AREA FOR TRAVEL A legend says THE DEVIL BUILT THE BRIDGE THE BRIDGE WAS PRIOR TO THE LONGEST The Anping Bridge helped to develop the local economy and communications when Anhai County was a commercial center and important port to sunbathe on the stones and 1905 IN CHINA STONE BEAM BRIDGE anyone who tries to cross the bridge RISKS being CRUSHED BY THE DEVIL 2. Beam Bridges ARE ESSENTIALLY A HORIZONTAL BEAM SUPPORTED ON EITHER END BY A SUPPORT PIER, ALTHOUGH A SIMPLE BEAM BRIDGE RARELY HAS A SPAN LONGER THAN 250 FT. CHAPEL BRIDGE B&O RAILROAD POTOMAC RIVER CROSSING BUILT IN the 14th century the RIVER REUSS CROSSES PBUILT IN 1836 as a covered timber bridge: the POTOMAC RIVER CROSSES EUROPE'S OLDEST SWITZERLAND Lucerne, West Virginis, ADDED TO II the NATIONAL REGISTER of Historic Places USA WOODEN BRIDGE MUCH OF IT THE TOWER beside the bridge is 30 YEARS OLDER AN ENGINEERING FEAT LOST TO A FIRE IN MAJOR UPDATE given the topographical, technical, and economic CONVERSION TO A TRUSS BRIDGE 1993 WVV conditions 3. TRUSS Bridges LARGELY POPULARIZED IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, TRUSS BRIDGES ARE BUILT USING TRUSSES, ONE OR MORE CONNECTED TRIANGULAR UNITS SKY GATE BRIDGE R FRANCIS SCOTT KEY BRIDGE 2.3 MILES LONG CONSTRUCTED 1972-1977 Izumisano, Maryland, Osaka USA BETWEEN FINAL LINKS to JAPAN TOP LEVEL 6 LANE ROAD that SERVICES ALL TRAFFIC INTERSTATE 695 IN BALTIMORE V crossing the BALTIMORE HARBOR BOTTOM LEVEL 2 TRACK RAILWAY for UTILITIES and SUPPLIES the ONLY ACCESS to 10.9 MILES LONG with a 1.200 FT. main span of VITAL 24 to the airport staying functional rcontinuous truss bridge THE 3" LONGEST IN THE WORLD Kansai HOURS International AIRPORT ....****** 24 CITIES & 25 MILLIONFASSENGERS EVERY YEAR SERVING INTERNATIONAL It was built out of necessity due to the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel (Interstate 895) The location of the bridge crosses within 100 yards of the BOMBARDMENT OF FORT MCHENRY In 1814, witnessed by Francis Scott Key and inspiring the REACHING TRAFFIC CAPACITY as well as TOP 10 providing transportation for HAZARDOUS MATERIALS that were prohibited from traveling other routes GREATEST CIVIL ENGINEERING ACHIEVEMENTS "STAR SPANGLED BANNER" by the American Society of Civil Engineers 4. Arch Bridges ARCH BRIDGES CONSIST OF ONE OR MORE ARCHES CONNECTED TO ABUTMENTS AND HAVE BEEN USED FOR OVER 2,000 YEARS. ARCH BRIDGES CAN SPAN BETWEEN 200 ET UP TOAND 800 FT. PONS FABRICIUS ANJI OR ZHAOZHOU BRIDGE ONE OF THE OLDEST BRIDGES by LUCIUS FABRICIUS : still surviving today Rome, Zhao County, Hebei Province, BUILT between 595-605 DURING THE SUI DYNASTY BUILT IN 62 BC ITALY CHINA STILL IN USE TODAY THE BEST PRESERVED BRIDGE IN ROME WORLD'S OLDEST OPEN-SPANDREL ARCH BRIDGE LUCIUS FABRICIUS' WORK IS RECORDED in inscriptions on both sides of the two larger travertine arches ........................... MAIN RISE SPAN 122.6 FT. TENIGTH 167 FT. ON 23.9 FT. ........................................ The bridge has seen a lot of wear over the years, including: a "rainbow in the sky" ANCIENT CHINESE LITERATURE 21 - 20 BC 17TH CENTURY 19TH CENTURY TODAY a "crescent moon rising from the clouds" PARAPET ADDED 2 FOUR-HEADED HERMS SHEATHED 2 MAJOR FLOODS that submerged Rome THE SPANDREL The space between the arch and the abutment or other arch. AN OPEN-SPANDREL ADDED IN BRICK Is open, such as stone with holes or steel latticework. 5. Suspension Bridges SUSPENSION BRIDGES UTILIZE SUPPORTING CABLES SUSPENDED FROM LARGE ANCHORAGE STRUCTURES CONNECTED TO THE GROUND. MODERN SUSPENSION BRIDGES CAN SPAN 2,000 FT. TO 7,000 FT. AND THERE ARE MANY VARIATIONS INCAN SUSPENSION BRIDGES BROOKLYN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTED OF GRASS FIBERS BRAIDED INTO ROPES FIRST SUSPENSION BRIDGE TO USE Brooklyn, New York City, PERU STEEL for cable wire EXPLOSIVES in a caisson USA 150 FT. 14 YEARS TO BUILD...>1883 THE LONGEST suspension bridge in the worldat the time ACROSS the ANDES MOUNTAINS : LONGER THAN THE LONGEST ROMAN BRIDGE SPAN IN SPAIN AT THE TIME (95 FT.) TODAY, 3,460 FT. LONG A 1,595 FT. LONG SPAN only one grass suspension bridge spanning 90 FT. remains near Huinchiri, Peru called the KESHWA CHACA .................... ***++ PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC OR PACK ANIMALS Noticed by SPANISH It is REBUILT EVERY YEAR, woven by hand during an elaborate 3 DAY FESTIVAL 140,000 CARS: CROSS THE BRIDGE 2ND BUSIEST BRIDGE EVERY DAY 8. A VITAL LIFELINE in and out of the city HEAVILY SWAYED ONQUISTADORS in 1532 BY HIGH WINDS IN NEW YORK CITY http://engineering.online.ohio.edu/civil/ SOURCES http://www.asce.org http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/nr/pdf/jefferson/78001484.pdf http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/bridge.htm http://bridgeworid.net/wordpress/archives/docs/longest%20bridge.pdf http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/brooklyn.html http://www.chinaculture.org/gblen travel/2003-09/24/content_34379.htm http://www.mdta.maryland.gov/Toll_Facilities/documents/FSK_Fact Sheet.pdf http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/08/science/08bridg.html?pagewanted=all& r=0 http://www.japanese-greatest.com/civil-engineering-construction/truss-bridge.html http://penelope.uchicago.edu/"grout/encyclopaedia_romana/romanurbs/ponsfabricius.html http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/about-us/news/news-2013/tarr-steps-rebuild-underway http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas obscura/2013/06/10/the last incan suspension_bridge is made entirely of grass and woven by.html http://www.latimes.com/travel/deals/la-trb-offbeat-traveler-chapel-bridge-in-lucerne-20120507,0,1968092.photogallery#axzz2mQt3IXfr http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2277567/Tarr-Steps-3-000-year-old-bridge-devil-sunbathed-rebuilt-floods-washed-away-tonne-stone-slabs.html