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Relics: unearthed treasures

RELICS: GRANDMA TEMPLE RELICS Zhengzhou, Henan province UNEARTHED TREASURES FROM PAGE 1 Wulanmulun in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region is rich in cultural relics dating back between 30,000 and 70,000 years and provides important material for research into the migratory patterns of early humans in North- east Asia and their adaptation to the glacial environment. The Xichuan and Daoshui discoveries in the same area provided evidence of large-scale migration to the West and proved that decorative stone leaf work extended to the hinterland of the Central Asian plains and China. The findings allow scholars greater scope for research into the transition between the Old and New Stone Ages and the origins of early agriculture. SIDE SCRAPER. A ridged type of tool, distinguished by a working edge on one side. CHIPPED STONE. A tool ANIMAL BONES. Around 12,000 bone fragments from cattle, horses, pigs, antelopes made from quartzite during the Old Stone Age. Scrapers were used for working This type of tool was easily and deer were discovered at manufactured, in addition to being easily sharpened and carried. animal hides and wood about 45.000 years ago. the site. They were used as tools approxirmately 30.000 to 50,000 years ago. A great many other discoveries do not appear on the list of nomi- nated sites, but their importance is still immense. Excavations at Zhoukoudian in Beijing show clear signs of the controlled use of fire. while the Dayao relics in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region offer new perspectives on the prevailing culture. The 2011 discoveries offer a window onto the world of Old Stone Age Chinese culture, and experts said they will almost certainly promote the integration of archaeological research between China and the rest of the world. A CEMETERY Liaoning province from the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) Forty three of the nearly 200 graves in the cemetery were excavated, yielding more than 1,000 burial offerings, mainly bronze objects, including a local type of short sword with a curved body, and a vessel from the Yan State. The picture shows a full view of the auter coffin. where bronze and pottery wares were buried. BEIJING-HANGZHOU GRAND CANAL RELICS Liaocheng, Shandong province A seven-layer pier discovered in the Shandong section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. THE DAYUNSHAN MAUSOLEUM kangsu province, built for Marquis Liu Fei of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24) The picture shows part of a lock structure at the pier. A carved stone animal, placed in the water to placate the gods, was found near the structure. SHIZHU RELICS Yibin, Sichuan province A bronze sword from the Warring States Period. It was discovered along with a host of other items made of pottery, bronze, iron and stone. During excavations between 2009 and 2011, three main tombs, 11 attendant tombs, two chariot pits and two weapon pits were exposed within the site, together with more than 10,000 fine artifacts. The pictures show a gold-decorated copper elephant and a copper animal-shaped supporting structure for a set of stone chimes. HAMIN PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT RELICS Tongliao, Inner Mongolia autonomous region QIHE CAVE RELICS Zhangping. Fujian province During the excavation process, archaeologists found a number of collapsed houses, wrecked by fire, the effects of which are clearly visible on the wooden A rock embellished with a symbol. These signs carved on stones are believed to be the original form of Chinese characters. YUJIA MOUNTAIN RELICS Yuhang. Zhejiang province (Liangzhu culture) A bracelet-style cong. or armband. The pieces of various cong are among 4,000 jade items discov- ered since October 2008. They were used in religious ceremonies to honor the Earth God. These armbands are known to have been used in Liangzhu structures and frames. Archaeologists believe that the large number of human culture, famous for its use of jade and dating back to the New Stone Age, 5,300 to 4,200 years ago. A stone adze, a tool used for smoothing or carving rough-cut wood by hand. remains indicates that the settlement was abandoned in the wake of a catastrophe. Eartherware and jade, combined in The discovery of the grave was a breakthrough in the exploration of the what may have been a necklace. Both items were found in the third national excavation of cultural relics in December, 2008. They were used 7,000 to 17,000 years ago in the Qihe Cave area of Fujian province. The relics, believed to date from a period between the Old Stone Age and the early New Stone Age, have provided the biggest archaeological breakthrough in Southeast Asia during recent years, filling in the blanks about the transition between these prehistoric eras. settlement's relics. MARQUIS TOMBS OF THE ZENG STATE Suizhou, Hubei province. 4,000 jade items discovered on the site Zeng was a minor state during the Western Zhou Dynasty (c. 1lth century-711 BC) Some 65 burials and one pit with sacrificial horses were discovered, together with 739 pieces of bronze, ceramic, porcelain, lacquer and wood, jade and stone, which are signifi- cant for research into the history of the Zeng State. Among the discoveries, archaeologists found the remains of stone-lined pits characteristic of the Old Stone Age, and sites of Inhabitation from the New Stone Age. The remains of human skulls, animal bones, shells, pottery vessels and tools made from stone and wood were also discovered. The pictured rectangular cauldron was engraved with symbols, indicating that the item was made for a Zeng Marquis. Archaeologists believe that all the artifacts will provide valuable material for future research into the The southeast corner of Ring Ditch 2 in Yuhang. Zhejiang province. There are six ring ditches in total, covering an area of 1 square kilometer. Five of the ditches have already been explored, across an area of 150.000 square meters. The ditches represent six related tribes and differences in burial health of early humans, the origins of agricul ture, technological development and the use of pottery in ancient times. locations and other factors indicate the status of each tribe within the grouping GUILLERMO MUNRO ZHANG YUCHEN U JING/CHINA DAILY Sources: Top 10 Archeology Findings Selection Ofce. Capital Museum

Relics: unearthed treasures

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page 1 one of archeological finds in china for 2011. China Daily

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