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Celebrating the longest night 2013

CELEBRATING THE LONGEST NIGHT of the year The longest night is a term often used for the day the winter solstice occurs. Since this event lasts only a moment in time other terms used are "midwinter " or "the shortest day". (Winter solstice is also known as: December solstice, southern solstice, Solstitium Brumalis.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 ? 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 hours энis Solstice rotation direction of the Earth It's an astronomical event that happens twice a year as the sun reaches its highest or lowest excursion relative to the equator. The word solstice comes from the Latin sol (sun) and sistere (to stand still), because at the solstices, the sun stands still in declination (the seasonal movement of the sun's path (as seen from Earth) comes to a stop before reversing direction). 23,5° axial tilt January north pole Winter solstice Arctic Circle Is the time at which the sun is appearing at noon at its lowest altitude above the horizon. In the Northern Hemisphere this is the Southern solstice, the time at which the sun is at its southernmost point in the sky, directly over the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere which usually occurs on December 21 to 22 each year. In the Southern Hemisphere this is the Northern solstice, the time at which the sun is at its northernmost point in the sky, which usually occurs on June 20 to 21 each year. February Tropic of Cancer vernal equinox Equator March Tropic of Capricorn April SUN summer solstice winter solstice May Newgrange County Meath, Ireland Montol Penzance, England Stonehenge Wiltshire, England autumnal equinox June Beaiui St. Lucia Scandinauia Norway, Sweden, Finland Ziemassuētki Latuia July Soyalangwul Zuni people and Hopi people, North America Goseck circle Goseck, Germany Deyg an Chawmos Iran Dongzhi China and East Asia northern Pakistan Şeua Zistanê Kurdistan region Yaldā Makara Sankranti Hindu people, India and Nepal Iran Goru August Mali ---- equator Inti Raymi Inca people, Cusco, Peru Gate of the Sun Tiwanaku, Boliuia Maruaroa o Takurua We Tripantu Southern Chile September Māori people, New Zealand Midwinter research stations, Antarctica October Celebrating Winter Solstice Famous Ancient Obseruatories Worldwide, interpretation of the event has varied from culture to culture, but most Northern Hemisphere cultures have held a recognition of rebirth, involving holidays, festivals, gather- ings, rituals or other celebrations around that time. Other (derived) midwinter festivities: Christmas (Natalis Domini), Šaturnalia, Karachun, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, Yule, Hogmanay, Wren day, New Year's Eve, Alban Arthan. Many observations are of the day of the solstice rather than the instant. (It is not possible to detect the actual instant of the solstice, by definition, one can not observe that an object has stopped moving until one makes a second observation in time showing that it has not moved further from the preceding spot, or that it has moved in the opposite direction). This is often done by watching the sunrise and sunset or vice versa or using an astronomically aligned instrument that allows a ray of light to cast on a certain point around that time. November December 21 december, longest night of 2013 16 hours and 26 minutes duration of sundown in The Netherlands 2013 infographics STUDIO TERP sources: www.knmi.nl/klimatologie, wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_solstice, wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwinter, wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstice, www.universetoday.com/55709/solstice/ Created 2013 by

Celebrating the longest night 2013

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STUDIO TERP | Explaining the phenomenon "longest night" or "winter solstice" and where this is celebrated around the world. (a redesign of 2012)

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