Orange Overflow: A Look at the Exploding Female Prison Population

00 ORANGE OVERFLOW A LOOK AT THE EXPLODING U.S. FEMALE PRISON POPULATION INTERNATIONAL PRISON POPULATION TRENDS As of November 2013, more than 10.2 MILLION PEOPLE ARE HELD IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS throughout the world THE U.S. RUSSIA 2.2 MILLION 681,600 0.69% of population 0.47% of population BRAZIL 548,000 CHINA 0.27% of population INDIA 1.7 MILLION 0.13% of population 385,000 0.03% of population As of June 2014, the United States has THE SECOND HIGHEST INCARCERATION RATE, 1707 PRISONERS r100,000n of the national population As of 2014, the U.S. has STATE * LOCAL 1,719 102 2,259 3,283 JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES STATE FEDERAL LOCAL PRISONS PRISONS JAILS U.S. IS CURRENTLY AT 99% OCCUPANCY PER CAPITA COST OF INCARCERATION APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE FOR ALL U.S. INMATES BUREAU OF PRISONS $29,291 s3.7 BILLION $6.5 $21,603 BILLION 2000 2013 2000 2013 INTERNATIONAL FEMALE PRISON POPULATION TRENDS As of AUGUST 2012, 625,000 WOMEN AND GIRLS are held in penal institutions throughout the world more than 201,200 84,600 59,200 35,596 29,175 U.S. CHINA RUSSIA BRAZIL THAILAND Since 2006 it has with the largest increase in the Americas and the smallest increase increased by more than in European countries 15% 23% 6% 10-15% 10% The median proportion The proportion of FEMALES PROSECUTED is typically between 10% and 15% of total arrests The percentage of FEMALES CONVICTED of females convicted is is generally about 10% of total prosecutions considerably LOWER than females prosecuted This could be explained by the fact that crimes committed by females tend to be less serious and thus have a greater chance to get a settle outside the court. Countries where most female prisoners are incarcerated for drug crimes Estonia (46%) Sweden (41%)O O Russia (33.7%) Latvia (68%) Italy (42.9%) Portugal (47.6%) ( O Georgia (34%) Spain (45.5%) Greece (43.7%) Tajikistan (70%) Thailand (82%) In some countries of Southeast Asia, DRUG TRAFFICKING RESULTS IN LONG IMPRISONMENT OR EVEN DEATH U.S. FEMALE PRISON POPULATION 12.1% (8,593) 13.3% (9,400) 2009 Females accounted for of federal offenders 2013 Females of federal offenders accounted for 2002 2011 2012 2013 66.2% 57.0% 57.9% 33.7% 4.7% 4.9% 3.8% 12.2% 16.4% 17.3% 18.7% 18.8% 14.3% 23.9% 16.1% drug offenses fraud Oimmigration Oproperty Opublic order violence other THE U.S. FEMALE PRISON POPULATION RATE PER 100,000 TOTAL RESIDENTS 55.6 66 63.5 64 2001 2005 2010 2012 The number of women in prison increased by 1980 between 2010 L646%- L15,118 m1 112,797- AS OF 2012, FEMALE INMATES MAKE UP 9% OF THE U.S. PRISON POPULATION 1991 2001 2006 2011 54,030 NEW FEMALE COURT 28,829 39,428 47,383 COMMITMENTS TO U.S. STATE PRISON 16.5% ↑ (17.2% 15.8% 18.4% Between 1991 and 2011, fewer women were committed for violent crimes than men. Except for the decrease in 2006, the number of female violent offenders has been steadily increasing. The number of women admitted on NEW COURT COMMITMENTS FOR VIOLENT OFFENSES INCREASED BY 83%, FROM 4,756 IN 1991 TOo 8,718 IN 2011. VIOLENT CRIMES 35.7% ↑ (36.8% 36.2% ļ ( 36.0% Between 1991 and 2011, more women were committed for property crimes than men. Except for the increase in 2001; THE NUMBER OF FEMALE PROPERTY OFFENDERS HAS BEEN SLOWLY DECREASING. The number of women that entered prison for PROPERTY CRIMES DECREASED FROM 19,558 IN 2006 TO 17,057 IN 2011. PROPERTY CRIMES 40.9%) \ (37.3") ! 34.2% ļ ( 32.5% Between 1991 and 2011, more women were committed for drug crimes than men. Since 1991, the number of female drug offenders has been steadily decreasjng. Between 1991 and 2001, DRUG CRIMES MADE UP THE MAJORITY OF NEW WOMEN DRUG CRIMES COURT COMMITMENTS TO STATE PRISON. 5.60% ↑ (8.00%) 1 ↑ (13.1% 12.0% Between 1991 and 2011, FEWER WOMEN WERE COMMITTED FOR PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES THAN MEN. PUBLIC ORDER The number of CRIMES FEMALE PUBLIC ORDER OFFENDERS PEAKED IN 2006 BUT DECREASED BY 2011. RACE IN THE U.S. FEMALE PRISON SYSTEM 2012 U.S. Of 101,289 women sentenced to prison, 18.1% WERE AGED 30 TO 34 AND NEARLY HALF (49,352) WERE WHITE In 2012, BLACK WOMEN aged 18 to 19 were THREE KELY to be TIMES MORE 中 个个 个个 IMPRISONED than white women. HISPANIC WOMEN in this age group had IMPRISONMENT RATES NEARLY TWICE those of white women. HISPANIC FEMALES AGED 65 OR OLDER were more than TWICE AS LIKELY as white females of this age to be SERVING TIME IN PRISON. RACIAL GROUPS In 2013, more than one-third of female federal offenders were HISPANIC (37.5%) followed by WHITE (34.5%), BLACK (21.8%) and OTHER RACES (6.2%) DRUG TRAFFICKING FRAUD IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS OFFENDERS OFFENDERS 3.3% 4.9% 5.4% 4.5% 6.2% 16.3% 15.5% 43.6% 42.5% 86.4% 35.6% 35.8% Hispanic White Black Other Races The average age of these offenders at sentencing was The majority of female offenders were U.S. citizens 70.8% of female 38 YEARS 79.5% offenders had little or no prior criminal history 49 18 OLD female 3,862 female reported state and federal noncitizen inmate YEARS inmates under FEMALE OFFENDERS VS. MALE OFFENDERS VS General 75.6% imprisonment 93.6% rate Cases that 4.1% 8.6% involved weapons 90.3% Drug trafficking 97.3% rate Fraud 61.1% 74.1% offenses rate 85.0% Immigration offenses 97.5% rate CONCLUSIONS CU.S.): 2011– 2012 0.2% $ $ 1.4% F22.9% decrease in decrease in the female sentenced federal prisoners federal prison population decrease in violent offenses 16.1% 3.0% JB drug offenses 9.3% increase in public order offenses increase in increase in property offenses Sources: http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison_population_rate?field_region_taxonomy_tid-DAll http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total?field_region_taxonomy_tid-DAll http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/female-prisoners?field_region_taxonomy_tid=All http://www.statista.com/statistics/262962/countries-with-the-most-prisoners-per-100-000-inhabitants/ http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/united-states-america http://www.statista.com/statistics/252828/number-of-prisoners-in-the-us-by-gender/ http://www.census.gov/popclock/ http://www.b BOSTOΝ UNIVERSITY http://fas.ostotent/pubi tar9112.pdf http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie.html http://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-and-publications/quick-facts/Quick_Facts_Female_Offenders.pdf http://www.prisonstudies.org/sites/prisonstudies.org/files/resources/downloads/wfil_2nd_edition.pdf http://www.prisonstudies.org/sites/prisonstudies.org/files/resources/downloads/wppl_10.pdf http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/cc_Incarcerated_Women_Factsheet_Sep24sp.pdf http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Crime-statistics/International_Statistics_on_Crime_and Justice.pdf http://www.ihra.net/files/2012/03/11/HRI_WomenlnPrisonReport.pdf http://www.thaiprisonlife.com/thai-prison-statistics/ http://www.unafei.or.jp/activities/No90_13VE_Chitsawang.pdf cjdegreeonline.bu.edu o 動