Understanding Chronic Conditions: Cardiovascular Disease

THE UNIVERSIT OF ARIZONA UNDERSTANDING n CHRONIC CONDITIONS: M MCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE TYPES OF HEART DISEASE Cardiovascular disease (CVD), also known as heart disease, encompasses many health problems. 3.4% Diseases of the Arteries 16.7% Other 8% High Blood Pressure 48.2% Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease (CHD) is related to a condition called If the plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form, which may result in other types of heart disease. 7.3% Heart Failure 16.4% Stroke atherosclerosis, in which plaque builds up on the walls of the arteries. An ischemic stroke is caused by a clot blocking blood supply to the brain. A heart attack is caused by a clot blocking part of the heart. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a burst blood vessel in the brain. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate of less than Tachycardia is a fast heart rate of more than 60 BEATS PER MINUTE. 100 BEATS PER MINUTE. MM_M_MM M_M_M_M_M MMMM M MM M_MMM M MMM MMM_M M MMM MM M M M MM M_MMM M MM An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm. CHD can also cause heart failure or an arrhythmia. Heart valve disease takes many forms, but all disrupt the proper flow of blood. Regurgitation is when valves don't close properly. Stenosis is when valves Mitral valve prolapse don't open enough. occurs when valve leaflets bulge abnormally and do not close properly. PREVALENCE OF CVD In the United States, 1/4 of all deaths are Each year, about 720,000 attributable to heart disease. Americans have a heart attack. = 100K Percent of U.S. Population with CVD by Age and Sex I Men I Women 100 87.1% 83% 70.2% 70.9% 75 40% 34.4% 25 12.8% 10.1% 20-39 40-59 60-79 80+ Age CAUSES & PREVENTION OF CVD Attributable Factors for CVD 40.6% 13.7% 13.2% 11.9% 8.8% Poor Diet Abnormal Blood Glucose Levels High Blood Pressure Smoking Insufficient Physical Activity REDUCE YOUR RISK Eat a healthy, low-fat diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables Exercise 30 minutes a day, Don't smoke 5 days a week Maintain a healthy weight Get regular screenings for diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels Get enough sleep: most experts recommend 7-8 hours per night A THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA College of Nursing http://msnonline.arizona.edu Sources http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Caregiver/Resources/WhatisCardiovascularDisease/What-is-Cardiovascular-Disease_UCM_301852_Article.jsp http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/129/3/e28.full.pdf+html http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/ http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/26/2622000.html http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12/1271000.html http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease-prevention/art-20046502 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/heart-disease-prevention/art-20046502?pg=2 Percentage 50