STD Risk Factors

WHY YOU'RE AN STD RISK TOP RISK FACTORS FOR ACQUIRING AN STD UNPROTECTED SEX MULTIPLE PARTNERS Although not a guarantee in cantracting STD, unprotected sex increase the chance to The more partners you have. the mare likely it is that you will be exposed to an STD. get an STD among sexually active people. ALCOHOL USE People who use alcohol on a regular basis, particularly in social situations, may be less discriminating about whom they choose to have sex with. BEING UNDER 25 YEARS OLD Young women are more biologically susceptible to STDS than older women. TRADING SEX FOR MONEY / DRUGS ILLICIT DRUG USE Drug influence makes easier to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Also, injection drug use increases risk of blood-borne diseases. People who trade sex for money or drugs may not be sufficiently empowered to negotiate that that sex be safer sex SERIAL MONOGAMY HAVING AN STD People who practice serial monogamy are likely to be tempted to stop using safer sex precautions Having one STD frequently makes a person more Susceptible to infection by other STDS. COMMUNITY WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF STDS HAVING HIGH RISK STD PARTNER CONTROL PILLS AS YOUR SOLE FORM OF CONTRACEPTION People living in high STD prevalence areas are likely to be exposed to an STD any time they have sex or require blood transfusion. A person with sex partner(s) possessing risky characteristics provides strongest predictor for STDS. Once protected from pregnancy, some people are reluctant to use condorns as part of their sexual routine. Reference http://std about.com/od/riskfactorsforstds/tp/tupriskfactors.htm http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090403181510.htm WHAT YOU CAN GET IF YOUR PARTNER IS INFECTED SEXUAL ACTIVITY KNOWN RISKS POSSIBLE RISKS UNKNOWN • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Hepatitis A • Herpes (RARE) • HPV (warts) • Shigella • Syphilis • Hepatitis B • HIV** • Hepatitis C Performing oral sex on a man Performing oral sex on • Herpes (RARE) None • HPV (warts) a woman • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • NGU • Herpes • Syphilis None • HPV (warts) Receiving oral sex- man Receiving oral • Herpes None • HPV (warts) sex-woman • Hepatitis C • Chlamydia • Crabs/Scabies • Gonorrhea • Hepatitis B • Herpes • HIV • HPV (warts) • NGU • Syphilis • Trichomoniasis None Vaginal sex-man • Chlamydia • Crabs/Scabies • Gonorrhea • Hepatitis B None • Hepatitis C Vaginat sex-woman Reference http://www.sfcityclinic.org/stdhasics/stdchart.asp MOST COMMON STDS IN MEN HIVJAIDS An estimated 44% of new cases are among men who have sex with men, and 34% are among heterosexuals. Injection drug use accounts for 17% of new cases. Highest risk of HIV/AIDS infection is among black men. GONORRHEA Symptoms include pus-like discharge from the urethra, burning urination. Untreated, gonorrhea can lead to epididymitis, a painful condition of the testicles that can cause infertility. CHLAMYDIA Chlamydia can cause inflammation of the testicles, prostate and urethra. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS-2 (HSV-2) Can cause genital herpes sores. HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) Cause genital warts and increase the risk of cancers of the penis, anus and rectum. In recent surveys, as many as 48% of men showing up in STI clinics tested positive for HPV. SYPHILIS Among men, the risk has soared 70% in the past five years. Untreated syphilis can damage the brain, cardiovascular system and many organs in the body. Reference http://men.webmd.com/guide/b-most-comman-std-men MOST COMMON STDS IN WOMEN CHLAMYDIA More than one million people were diagnosed with chlamydia in 2007, the highest number of chlamydia infections in history. The CDC estimates that another one million people go undiagnosed each year. GONORRHEA People actually infected is likely higher since many people with gonorrhea are not diagnosed. GENITAL HERPES One in five teens and aduits has genital herpes, which is more common in women than men. SYPHILIS Rates of syphilis are on the rise nationally, especially among men who have sex with men. HIV/AIDS Although it's less common than other types of STDS, women are being diagnosed with HIV. more often than in the past. When a woman already has an STD, she is particularly vulnerable to infection by a second STD. This is because STDS cause inflammation of the vaginal tissues, which can injure blood vessels. Reference http://www.evérydayhealth.com/womens-health/health-risks-olstds-for-women asp MOST COMMON STDS TRANSMITTED THROUGH NON-SEXUAL CONTACT Some STDS can be passed in non-sexual ways, either with body-to-body contact or surface-to-body contact: SYPHILIS HERPES TRICHOMONAS PARASITIC INSECTS The spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis can be transmitted by direct contact with the open sores which often characterize the disease Herpes can invade the body virtually anywhere an open herpes sore comes in to contact with a break in the skin. Is capable of surviving for some hours outside the body in bodily fluids, damp towels or bedding. in A person can acquire these fram bedding, clothing or toilet seats, and instances of scabies infection rare cases it has been known to be spread by mutual masturbation. through contaminated clothes or bedding have been authenticated. during its early stages. Babies can contract many different STDS at birth from their infected mothers. Reference http://www.emedexpert.com/tips/std-facts shtml AGE-STANDARDISED DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR (DALY) RATES FROM STDS BY COUNTRY (excluding HIV) LEGEND No data 180-240 360-420 540-600 less than 60 240-300 420-480 600-1000 -120 300-360 480-540 more than 100 120-180 TOP 5 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST RATE OF STD ESTIMATED TOTAL DALYS (2004) India Ethiopia Pakistan Nigeria Indonesia ADDITIONAL/INTRIGUING FACTS ON STD 61% percent of men and 48% of women have never been tested for Few men (24%) and women (33%) know that a woman is more likely to get an STD from an infected man than vice versa. an STD other than HIV/AIDS. At least 15% of all infertile American women are infertile because of tubal damage caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), the result of an untreated STD Only about a third of adults who say they have had an STD say they revealed that fact to their current or most recent partner before they had sexual intercourse (28% men, 34% women) 19 One in four new STD infections occur in teenagers. Hepatitis Bis 100 times more infectious than HIV. http://www.kff.org/womenshealth/ 1447-std_fs.cfm http://www.livestrong.com/article/ 13924-std-information/tixzz0v1Q0vxVO