A Short History of Depression

depression connect www.depressionconnect.com A A SHORT HISTORY of DEPRESSION First Recognition of Depression Ancient Greece to Roman Empire Depression was first recognized as a condition by the ancient Greeks, usint the term “melancholia". Mealancholia derives from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kholé, "bile". Hippocrates, c. 460 BC Hippocrates is considered to be the first physician to describe melancholia, or depression, clinically. 27 BC, Founding of Roman Empire In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates states: "Ifa fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection." Theory of Humors Roman Empire through Middle Ages Galen (c.129-c. 201 A.D.) described melancholia manifesting in "fear and depression, discontent with life and hatred of all people". As melancholia was considered a "cold & dry" imbalance, a "hot & moist" treatment, or hot baths, was prescribed. Galen of Pergamon, c 129 AD Most of what we know about Humorişm comes from the writings of Galen. Melancholia in ancient times was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, deluşions and obsessions were inçluded. 476 AD, Fall of Western Roman Empire 5th to 15th Cemturies, “Dark Ages" Depression was seen less as an ailment, and more as a personality trait. 1453 AD, Fall of Byzantine Empire Early Studies and Theories 1600-1800s Melancholia is taken more seriously, and some studies are undertaken. Robert Burton, in his book The Anatomy of Melancholy, suggest that a good Robert Burton, 1621 AD treatment for depression is sleep, a good diet and exercise, most of which is still recommended by doctors today. A prolific English scholar, Burton used nearly every discipline available at his time to describe melancholy, including astrology and meteorology. Music was also explored as a form of treatment. Burton painstakingly revised and republished his great work five times during his life, and new editions have been reprinted as recently as 2001. Experimental Treatments Early 1900s Dr. Ugo Cerletti discovers Electroconvulsive Therapy to have a positive effect on severe depression, despite some potentially severe side effects. Temporary and permanent memory loss as well as death were reported in some cases. CERLETTI Dr. Ugo Cerletti, 1938 AD Cerletti had a long and productive career as a psychologist and neurologist, with more than 100 published papers on subjects as diverse as Alzheimer's Opiates and Amphetamines are the only medications in use, even though they are highly addictive and posed dangerous side effects. Disease to the blood brain barrier Electroshock therapy is still used today, although in rare situations. and syphilis. He is also credited with desigming winter camouflage for the Italian military during World War One, and time delay fuses for artillery shells. 1914-18 AD, World War I 1939-45 AD, World War 2 `NH, The First Antidepressants 1950s-1980s Isoniazid, 1952 AD Still in use today as a treatment for tuberculosis, in 1952, its antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the patients given Isoniazid became "inappropriately happy". By pure accident, Isoniazid and Iproniazid are discovered to help depression while being tested for treatment of tuberculosis. Although there were numerous side effects, including hepatitis, these drugs were the first antidepressants. This was the first medication to be called an “antidepressant", though Isoniazid is rarely prescribed for depression today. SSRIS Developed and Approved 1988-Present 1988 AD, Prozac In 1988 the first Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is developed and approved by the FDA. Dozen's more antidepressants are released in the following decades. SSRIS work by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons. 1991 AD, Zoloft 1992 AD, Paxil SSRIS are currently the first line of depression treatment due to their reduced side-effects and low toxicity compared to other antidepressants. 1998 AD, Celexa Growth and Acceptance 1990s-Present 2002 AD, Lexapro The use of antidepressants becomes much more popular and accepted as more and more people are diagnosed. Antidepressant Use In America 1988-2008 400% 1988 increase 11% 2008 of Americans aged 12 and over take antidepressant medication. What's next.. Future Research Depression continues to grow in it's support. More people are being diagnosed and research is continuing to develop better medications. Here are some possible future outcomes for depression treatment: B2 Vitamins and Supplements Genetics The Brain Genetic research is ongoing, searching for underlying causes of Bipolar Disorder and depression, which could lead to improved Continued research into vitamins We still don't know much about like vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12 as supplements to depression the brain. As scientists learn more about neurochemicals, and how the brain works, they'll be able to engineer better medications with fewer side-effects. treatment. treatments. Sources Hippocrates, Aphorisms, Section 6.23 A brief History of Depression: http://www.emental-health.com/depr_history.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anatomy_of Melancholy The Anatomy of Melancholy - Robert Burton 1621 History of the Use of Antidepressants in Primary Care - Joseph A. Lieberman III, M.D., M.P.H. http://www.medicinenet.com/depression/page13.htm#tocn http://www.drugs.com/sfx/paxil-side-effects.html http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1914604,00.html http://billhicksisdead.blogspot.com/2011/11/antidepressant-use-skyrockets-400-in.html http://yourlife.usatoday.com/health/story/2011-10-19/CDC-Antidepressant-use-skyrocketed-in-past-20-years/50826442/1 Brought to you by: depression connect To see more, visit depressionconnect.com. O Alliance Health Networks. All rights reserved. Alliance Health Networks does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. depression connect www.depressionconnect.com A A SHORT HISTORY of DEPRESSION First Recognition of Depression Ancient Greece to Roman Empire Depression was first recognized as a condition by the ancient Greeks, usint the term “melancholia". Mealancholia derives from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kholé, "bile". Hippocrates, c. 460 BC Hippocrates is considered to be the first physician to describe melancholia, or depression, clinically. 27 BC, Founding of Roman Empire In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates states: "Ifa fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection." Theory of Humors Roman Empire through Middle Ages Galen (c.129-c. 201 A.D.) described melancholia manifesting in "fear and depression, discontent with life and hatred of all people". As melancholia was considered a "cold & dry" imbalance, a "hot & moist" treatment, or hot baths, was prescribed. Galen of Pergamon, c 129 AD Most of what we know about Humorişm comes from the writings of Galen. Melancholia in ancient times was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, deluşions and obsessions were inçluded. 476 AD, Fall of Western Roman Empire 5th to 15th Cemturies, “Dark Ages" Depression was seen less as an ailment, and more as a personality trait. 1453 AD, Fall of Byzantine Empire Early Studies and Theories 1600-1800s Melancholia is taken more seriously, and some studies are undertaken. Robert Burton, in his book The Anatomy of Melancholy, suggest that a good Robert Burton, 1621 AD treatment for depression is sleep, a good diet and exercise, most of which is still recommended by doctors today. A prolific English scholar, Burton used nearly every discipline available at his time to describe melancholy, including astrology and meteorology. Music was also explored as a form of treatment. Burton painstakingly revised and republished his great work five times during his life, and new editions have been reprinted as recently as 2001. Experimental Treatments Early 1900s Dr. Ugo Cerletti discovers Electroconvulsive Therapy to have a positive effect on severe depression, despite some potentially severe side effects. Temporary and permanent memory loss as well as death were reported in some cases. CERLETTI Dr. Ugo Cerletti, 1938 AD Cerletti had a long and productive career as a psychologist and neurologist, with more than 100 published papers on subjects as diverse as Alzheimer's Opiates and Amphetamines are the only medications in use, even though they are highly addictive and posed dangerous side effects. Disease to the blood brain barrier Electroshock therapy is still used today, although in rare situations. and syphilis. He is also credited with desigming winter camouflage for the Italian military during World War One, and time delay fuses for artillery shells. 1914-18 AD, World War I 1939-45 AD, World War 2 `NH, The First Antidepressants 1950s-1980s Isoniazid, 1952 AD Still in use today as a treatment for tuberculosis, in 1952, its antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the patients given Isoniazid became "inappropriately happy". By pure accident, Isoniazid and Iproniazid are discovered to help depression while being tested for treatment of tuberculosis. Although there were numerous side effects, including hepatitis, these drugs were the first antidepressants. This was the first medication to be called an “antidepressant", though Isoniazid is rarely prescribed for depression today. SSRIS Developed and Approved 1988-Present 1988 AD, Prozac In 1988 the first Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is developed and approved by the FDA. Dozen's more antidepressants are released in the following decades. SSRIS work by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons. 1991 AD, Zoloft 1992 AD, Paxil SSRIS are currently the first line of depression treatment due to their reduced side-effects and low toxicity compared to other antidepressants. 1998 AD, Celexa Growth and Acceptance 1990s-Present 2002 AD, Lexapro The use of antidepressants becomes much more popular and accepted as more and more people are diagnosed. Antidepressant Use In America 1988-2008 400% 1988 increase 11% 2008 of Americans aged 12 and over take antidepressant medication. What's next.. Future Research Depression continues to grow in it's support. More people are being diagnosed and research is continuing to develop better medications. Here are some possible future outcomes for depression treatment: B2 D Vitamins and Supplements Genetics The Brain Genetic research is ongoing, searching for underlying causes of Bipolar Disorder and depression, which could lead to improved Continued research into vitamins We still don't know much about like vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12 as supplements to depression the brain. As scientists learn more about neurochemicals, and how the brain works, they'll be able to engineer better medications with fewer side-effects. treatment. treatments. Sources Hippocrates, Aphorisms, Section 6.23 A brief History of Depression: http://www.emental-health.com/depr_history.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anatomy_of Melancholy The Anatomy of Melancholy - Robert Burton 1621 History of the Use of Antidepressants in Primary Care - Joseph A. Lieberman III, M.D., M.P.H. http://www.medicinenet.com/depression/page13.htm#tocn http://www.drugs.com/sfx/paxil-side-effects.html http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1914604,00.html http://billhicksisdead.blogspot.com/2011/11/antidepressant-use-skyrockets-400-in.html http://yourlife.usatoday.com/health/story/2011-10-19/CDC-Antidepressant-use-skyrocketed-in-past-20-years/50826442/1 Brought to you by: depression connect To see more, visit depressionconnect.com. O Alliance Health Networks. All rights reserved. Alliance Health Networks does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. depression connect www.depressionconnect.com A A SHORT HISTORY of DEPRESSION First Recognition of Depression Ancient Greece to Roman Empire Depression was first recognized as a condition by the ancient Greeks, usint the term “melancholia". Mealancholia derives from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kholé, "bile". Hippocrates, c. 460 BC Hippocrates is considered to be the first physician to describe melancholia, or depression, clinically. 27 BC, Founding of Roman Empire In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates states: "Ifa fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection." Theory of Humors Roman Empire through Middle Ages Galen (c.129-c. 201 A.D.) described melancholia manifesting in "fear and depression, discontent with life and hatred of all people". As melancholia was considered a "cold & dry" imbalance, a "hot & moist" treatment, or hot baths, was prescribed. Galen of Pergamon, c 129 AD Most of what we know about Humorişm comes from the writings of Galen. Melancholia in ancient times was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, deluşions and obsessions were inçluded. 476 AD, Fall of Western Roman Empire 5th to 15th Cemturies, “Dark Ages" Depression was seen less as an ailment, and more as a personality trait. 1453 AD, Fall of Byzantine Empire Early Studies and Theories 1600-1800s Melancholia is taken more seriously, and some studies are undertaken. Robert Burton, in his book The Anatomy of Melancholy, suggest that a good Robert Burton, 1621 AD treatment for depression is sleep, a good diet and exercise, most of which is still recommended by doctors today. A prolific English scholar, Burton used nearly every discipline available at his time to describe melancholy, including astrology and meteorology. Music was also explored as a form of treatment. Burton painstakingly revised and republished his great work five times during his life, and new editions have been reprinted as recently as 2001. Experimental Treatments Early 1900s Dr. Ugo Cerletti discovers Electroconvulsive Therapy to have a positive effect on severe depression, despite some potentially severe side effects. Temporary and permanent memory loss as well as death were reported in some cases. CERLETTI Dr. Ugo Cerletti, 1938 AD Cerletti had a long and productive career as a psychologist and neurologist, with more than 100 published papers on subjects as diverse as Alzheimer's Opiates and Amphetamines are the only medications in use, even though they are highly addictive and posed dangerous side effects. Disease to the blood brain barrier Electroshock therapy is still used today, although in rare situations. and syphilis. He is also credited with desigming winter camouflage for the Italian military during World War One, and time delay fuses for artillery shells. 1914-18 AD, World War I 1939-45 AD, World War 2 `NH, The First Antidepressants 1950s-1980s Isoniazid, 1952 AD Still in use today as a treatment for tuberculosis, in 1952, its antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the patients given Isoniazid became "inappropriately happy". By pure accident, Isoniazid and Iproniazid are discovered to help depression while being tested for treatment of tuberculosis. Although there were numerous side effects, including hepatitis, these drugs were the first antidepressants. This was the first medication to be called an “antidepressant", though Isoniazid is rarely prescribed for depression today. SSRIS Developed and Approved 1988-Present 1988 AD, Prozac In 1988 the first Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is developed and approved by the FDA. Dozen's more antidepressants are released in the following decades. SSRIS work by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons. 1991 AD, Zoloft 1992 AD, Paxil SSRIS are currently the first line of depression treatment due to their reduced side-effects and low toxicity compared to other antidepressants. 1998 AD, Celexa Growth and Acceptance 1990s-Present 2002 AD, Lexapro The use of antidepressants becomes much more popular and accepted as more and more people are diagnosed. Antidepressant Use In America 1988-2008 400% 1988 increase 11% 2008 of Americans aged 12 and over take antidepressant medication. What's next.. Future Research Depression continues to grow in it's support. More people are being diagnosed and research is continuing to develop better medications. Here are some possible future outcomes for depression treatment: B2 D Vitamins and Supplements Genetics The Brain Genetic research is ongoing, searching for underlying causes of Bipolar Disorder and depression, which could lead to improved Continued research into vitamins We still don't know much about like vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12 as supplements to depression the brain. As scientists learn more about neurochemicals, and how the brain works, they'll be able to engineer better medications with fewer side-effects. treatment. treatments. Sources Hippocrates, Aphorisms, Section 6.23 A brief History of Depression: http://www.emental-health.com/depr_history.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anatomy_of Melancholy The Anatomy of Melancholy - Robert Burton 1621 History of the Use of Antidepressants in Primary Care - Joseph A. Lieberman III, M.D., M.P.H. http://www.medicinenet.com/depression/page13.htm#tocn http://www.drugs.com/sfx/paxil-side-effects.html http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1914604,00.html http://billhicksisdead.blogspot.com/2011/11/antidepressant-use-skyrockets-400-in.html http://yourlife.usatoday.com/health/story/2011-10-19/CDC-Antidepressant-use-skyrocketed-in-past-20-years/50826442/1 Brought to you by: depression connect To see more, visit depressionconnect.com. O Alliance Health Networks. All rights reserved. Alliance Health Networks does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. depression connect www.depressionconnect.com A A SHORT HISTORY of DEPRESSION First Recognition of Depression Ancient Greece to Roman Empire Depression was first recognized as a condition by the ancient Greeks, usint the term “melancholia". Mealancholia derives from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kholé, "bile". Hippocrates, c. 460 BC Hippocrates is considered to be the first physician to describe melancholia, or depression, clinically. 27 BC, Founding of Roman Empire In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates states: "Ifa fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection." Theory of Humors Roman Empire through Middle Ages Galen (c.129-c. 201 A.D.) described melancholia manifesting in "fear and depression, discontent with life and hatred of all people". As melancholia was considered a "cold & dry" imbalance, a "hot & moist" treatment, or hot baths, was prescribed. Galen of Pergamon, c 129 AD Most of what we know about Humorişm comes from the writings of Galen. Melancholia in ancient times was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, deluşions and obsessions were inçluded. 476 AD, Fall of Western Roman Empire 5th to 15th Cemturies, “Dark Ages" Depression was seen less as an ailment, and more as a personality trait. 1453 AD, Fall of Byzantine Empire Early Studies and Theories 1600-1800s Melancholia is taken more seriously, and some studies are undertaken. Robert Burton, in his book The Anatomy of Melancholy, suggest that a good Robert Burton, 1621 AD treatment for depression is sleep, a good diet and exercise, most of which is still recommended by doctors today. A prolific English scholar, Burton used nearly every discipline available at his time to describe melancholy, including astrology and meteorology. Music was also explored as a form of treatment. Burton painstakingly revised and republished his great work five times during his life, and new editions have been reprinted as recently as 2001. Experimental Treatments Early 1900s Dr. Ugo Cerletti discovers Electroconvulsive Therapy to have a positive effect on severe depression, despite some potentially severe side effects. Temporary and permanent memory loss as well as death were reported in some cases. CERLETTI Dr. Ugo Cerletti, 1938 AD Cerletti had a long and productive career as a psychologist and neurologist, with more than 100 published papers on subjects as diverse as Alzheimer's Opiates and Amphetamines are the only medications in use, even though they are highly addictive and posed dangerous side effects. Disease to the blood brain barrier Electroshock therapy is still used today, although in rare situations. and syphilis. He is also credited with desigming winter camouflage for the Italian military during World War One, and time delay fuses for artillery shells. 1914-18 AD, World War I 1939-45 AD, World War 2 `NH, The First Antidepressants 1950s-1980s Isoniazid, 1952 AD Still in use today as a treatment for tuberculosis, in 1952, its antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the patients given Isoniazid became "inappropriately happy". By pure accident, Isoniazid and Iproniazid are discovered to help depression while being tested for treatment of tuberculosis. Although there were numerous side effects, including hepatitis, these drugs were the first antidepressants. This was the first medication to be called an “antidepressant", though Isoniazid is rarely prescribed for depression today. SSRIS Developed and Approved 1988-Present 1988 AD, Prozac In 1988 the first Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is developed and approved by the FDA. Dozen's more antidepressants are released in the following decades. SSRIS work by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons. 1991 AD, Zoloft 1992 AD, Paxil SSRIS are currently the first line of depression treatment due to their reduced side-effects and low toxicity compared to other antidepressants. 1998 AD, Celexa Growth and Acceptance 1990s-Present 2002 AD, Lexapro The use of antidepressants becomes much more popular and accepted as more and more people are diagnosed. Antidepressant Use In America 1988-2008 400% 1988 increase 11% 2008 of Americans aged 12 and over take antidepressant medication. What's next.. Future Research Depression continues to grow in it's support. More people are being diagnosed and research is continuing to develop better medications. Here are some possible future outcomes for depression treatment: B2 D Vitamins and Supplements Genetics The Brain Genetic research is ongoing, searching for underlying causes of Bipolar Disorder and depression, which could lead to improved Continued research into vitamins We still don't know much about like vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12 as supplements to depression the brain. As scientists learn more about neurochemicals, and how the brain works, they'll be able to engineer better medications with fewer side-effects. treatment. treatments. Sources Hippocrates, Aphorisms, Section 6.23 A brief History of Depression: http://www.emental-health.com/depr_history.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anatomy_of Melancholy The Anatomy of Melancholy - Robert Burton 1621 History of the Use of Antidepressants in Primary Care - Joseph A. Lieberman III, M.D., M.P.H. http://www.medicinenet.com/depression/page13.htm#tocn http://www.drugs.com/sfx/paxil-side-effects.html http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1914604,00.html http://billhicksisdead.blogspot.com/2011/11/antidepressant-use-skyrockets-400-in.html http://yourlife.usatoday.com/health/story/2011-10-19/CDC-Antidepressant-use-skyrocketed-in-past-20-years/50826442/1 Brought to you by: depression connect To see more, visit depressionconnect.com. O Alliance Health Networks. All rights reserved. Alliance Health Networks does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. depression connect www.depressionconnect.com A A SHORT HISTORY of DEPRESSION First Recognition of Depression Ancient Greece to Roman Empire Depression was first recognized as a condition by the ancient Greeks, usint the term “melancholia". Mealancholia derives from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kholé, "bile". Hippocrates, c. 460 BC Hippocrates is considered to be the first physician to describe melancholia, or depression, clinically. 27 BC, Founding of Roman Empire In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates states: "Ifa fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection." Theory of Humors Roman Empire through Middle Ages Galen (c.129-c. 201 A.D.) described melancholia manifesting in "fear and depression, discontent with life and hatred of all people". As melancholia was considered a "cold & dry" imbalance, a "hot & moist" treatment, or hot baths, was prescribed. Galen of Pergamon, c 129 AD Most of what we know about Humorişm comes from the writings of Galen. Melancholia in ancient times was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, deluşions and obsessions were inçluded. 476 AD, Fall of Western Roman Empire 5th to 15th Cemturies, “Dark Ages" Depression was seen less as an ailment, and more as a personality trait. 1453 AD, Fall of Byzantine Empire Early Studies and Theories 1600-1800s Melancholia is taken more seriously, and some studies are undertaken. Robert Burton, in his book The Anatomy of Melancholy, suggest that a good Robert Burton, 1621 AD treatment for depression is sleep, a good diet and exercise, most of which is still recommended by doctors today. A prolific English scholar, Burton used nearly every discipline available at his time to describe melancholy, including astrology and meteorology. Music was also explored as a form of treatment. Burton painstakingly revised and republished his great work five times during his life, and new editions have been reprinted as recently as 2001. Experimental Treatments Early 1900s Dr. Ugo Cerletti discovers Electroconvulsive Therapy to have a positive effect on severe depression, despite some potentially severe side effects. Temporary and permanent memory loss as well as death were reported in some cases. CERLETTI Dr. Ugo Cerletti, 1938 AD Cerletti had a long and productive career as a psychologist and neurologist, with more than 100 published papers on subjects as diverse as Alzheimer's Opiates and Amphetamines are the only medications in use, even though they are highly addictive and posed dangerous side effects. Disease to the blood brain barrier Electroshock therapy is still used today, although in rare situations. and syphilis. He is also credited with desigming winter camouflage for the Italian military during World War One, and time delay fuses for artillery shells. 1914-18 AD, World War I 1939-45 AD, World War 2 `NH, The First Antidepressants 1950s-1980s Isoniazid, 1952 AD Still in use today as a treatment for tuberculosis, in 1952, its antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the patients given Isoniazid became "inappropriately happy". By pure accident, Isoniazid and Iproniazid are discovered to help depression while being tested for treatment of tuberculosis. Although there were numerous side effects, including hepatitis, these drugs were the first antidepressants. This was the first medication to be called an “antidepressant", though Isoniazid is rarely prescribed for depression today. SSRIS Developed and Approved 1988-Present 1988 AD, Prozac In 1988 the first Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is developed and approved by the FDA. Dozen's more antidepressants are released in the following decades. SSRIS work by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons. 1991 AD, Zoloft 1992 AD, Paxil SSRIS are currently the first line of depression treatment due to their reduced side-effects and low toxicity compared to other antidepressants. 1998 AD, Celexa Growth and Acceptance 1990s-Present 2002 AD, Lexapro The use of antidepressants becomes much more popular and accepted as more and more people are diagnosed. Antidepressant Use In America 1988-2008 400% 1988 increase 11% 2008 of Americans aged 12 and over take antidepressant medication. What's next.. Future Research Depression continues to grow in it's support. More people are being diagnosed and research is continuing to develop better medications. Here are some possible future outcomes for depression treatment: B2 D Vitamins and Supplements Genetics The Brain Genetic research is ongoing, searching for underlying causes of Bipolar Disorder and depression, which could lead to improved Continued research into vitamins We still don't know much about like vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12 as supplements to depression the brain. As scientists learn more about neurochemicals, and how the brain works, they'll be able to engineer better medications with fewer side-effects. treatment. treatments. Sources Hippocrates, Aphorisms, Section 6.23 A brief History of Depression: http://www.emental-health.com/depr_history.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anatomy_of Melancholy The Anatomy of Melancholy - Robert Burton 1621 History of the Use of Antidepressants in Primary Care - Joseph A. Lieberman III, M.D., M.P.H. http://www.medicinenet.com/depression/page13.htm#tocn http://www.drugs.com/sfx/paxil-side-effects.html http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1914604,00.html http://billhicksisdead.blogspot.com/2011/11/antidepressant-use-skyrockets-400-in.html http://yourlife.usatoday.com/health/story/2011-10-19/CDC-Antidepressant-use-skyrocketed-in-past-20-years/50826442/1 Brought to you by: depression connect To see more, visit depressionconnect.com. O Alliance Health Networks. All rights reserved. Alliance Health Networks does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. depression connect www.depressionconnect.com A A SHORT HISTORY of DEPRESSION First Recognition of Depression Ancient Greece to Roman Empire Depression was first recognized as a condition by the ancient Greeks, usint the term “melancholia". Mealancholia derives from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kholé, "bile". Hippocrates, c. 460 BC Hippocrates is considered to be the first physician to describe melancholia, or depression, clinically. 27 BC, Founding of Roman Empire In his Aphorisms, Hippocrates states: "Ifa fright or despondency lasts for a long time, it is a melancholic affection." Theory of Humors Roman Empire through Middle Ages Galen (c.129-c. 201 A.D.) described melancholia manifesting in "fear and depression, discontent with life and hatred of all people". As melancholia was considered a "cold & dry" imbalance, a "hot & moist" treatment, or hot baths, was prescribed. Galen of Pergamon, c 129 AD Most of what we know about Humorişm comes from the writings of Galen. Melancholia in ancient times was a far broader concept than today's depression; prominence was given to a clustering of the symptoms of sadness, dejection, and despondency, and often fear, anger, deluşions and obsessions were inçluded. 476 AD, Fall of Western Roman Empire 5th to 15th Cemturies, “Dark Ages" Depression was seen less as an ailment, and more as a personality trait. 1453 AD, Fall of Byzantine Empire Early Studies and Theories 1600-1800s Melancholia is taken more seriously, and some studies are undertaken. Robert Burton, in his book The Anatomy of Melancholy, suggest that a good Robert Burton, 1621 AD treatment for depression is sleep, a good diet and exercise, most of which is still recommended by doctors today. A prolific English scholar, Burton used nearly every discipline available at his time to describe melancholy, including astrology and meteorology. Music was also explored as a form of treatment. Burton painstakingly revised and republished his great work five times during his life, and new editions have been reprinted as recently as 2001. Experimental Treatments Early 1900s Dr. Ugo Cerletti discovers Electroconvulsive Therapy to have a positive effect on severe depression, despite some potentially severe side effects. Temporary and permanent memory loss as well as death were reported in some cases. CERLETTI Dr. Ugo Cerletti, 1938 AD Cerletti had a long and productive career as a psychologist and neurologist, with more than 100 published papers on subjects as diverse as Alzheimer's Opiates and Amphetamines are the only medications in use, even though they are highly addictive and posed dangerous side effects. Disease to the blood brain barrier Electroshock therapy is still used today, although in rare situations. and syphilis. He is also credited with desigming winter camouflage for the Italian military during World War One, and time delay fuses for artillery shells. 1914-18 AD, World War I 1939-45 AD, World War 2 `NH, The First Antidepressants 1950s-1980s Isoniazid, 1952 AD Still in use today as a treatment for tuberculosis, in 1952, its antidepressant properties were discovered when researchers noted that the patients given Isoniazid became "inappropriately happy". By pure accident, Isoniazid and Iproniazid are discovered to help depression while being tested for treatment of tuberculosis. Although there were numerous side effects, including hepatitis, these drugs were the first antidepressants. This was the first medication to be called an “antidepressant", though Isoniazid is rarely prescribed for depression today. SSRIS Developed and Approved 1988-Present 1988 AD, Prozac In 1988 the first Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) is developed and approved by the FDA. Dozen's more antidepressants are released in the following decades. SSRIS work by increasing the amount of available serotonin, a chemical used in the brain to transmit signals between neurons. 1991 AD, Zoloft 1992 AD, Paxil SSRIS are currently the first line of depression treatment due to their reduced side-effects and low toxicity compared to other antidepressants. 1998 AD, Celexa Growth and Acceptance 1990s-Present 2002 AD, Lexapro The use of antidepressants becomes much more popular and accepted as more and more people are diagnosed. Antidepressant Use In America 1988-2008 400% 1988 increase 11% 2008 of Americans aged 12 and over take antidepressant medication. What's next.. Future Research Depression continues to grow in it's support. More people are being diagnosed and research is continuing to develop better medications. Here are some possible future outcomes for depression treatment: B2 D Vitamins and Supplements Genetics The Brain Genetic research is ongoing, searching for underlying causes of Bipolar Disorder and depression, which could lead to improved Continued research into vitamins We still don't know much about like vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12 as supplements to depression the brain. As scientists learn more about neurochemicals, and how the brain works, they'll be able to engineer better medications with fewer side-effects. treatment. treatments. Sources Hippocrates, Aphorisms, Section 6.23 A brief History of Depression: http://www.emental-health.com/depr_history.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anatomy_of Melancholy The Anatomy of Melancholy - Robert Burton 1621 History of the Use of Antidepressants in Primary Care - Joseph A. Lieberman III, M.D., M.P.H. http://www.medicinenet.com/depression/page13.htm#tocn http://www.drugs.com/sfx/paxil-side-effects.html http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1914604,00.html http://billhicksisdead.blogspot.com/2011/11/antidepressant-use-skyrockets-400-in.html http://yourlife.usatoday.com/health/story/2011-10-19/CDC-Antidepressant-use-skyrocketed-in-past-20-years/50826442/1 Brought to you by: depression connect To see more, visit depressionconnect.com. O Alliance Health Networks. All rights reserved. Alliance Health Networks does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.