Food Security in Asia and the Pacific

FOOD SECURITY ÎN ĀSIA AND THE PACIFIC How do you feed 9 billion people? The world is facing a perilous convergence of depleting natural resources - of water, good land, energy, nutrients, technology, fish and stable climates. This phenomenon is happening as the world's population is projected to increase by more than 2 billion between now and 2050, majority of which will come from Asia. WORLD POPULATION: 7 BILLION Nutrition Facts UNDERNOURISHED: ABOUT 1 BILLION live in Malnutrition arises from deficiencies of specific nutrients or from diets based on inappropriate combinations or proportions of food. 66% Asia & the Pacific 54% of global total are in South and East Asia Undernutrition is caused primarily by an inadequate intake of dietary energy, regardless of whether any other specific nutrient is a limiting factor. MALNOURISHED: ANOTHER 1 BILLION Hidden Hunger Places Next Generation in developing Asia at Risk Stunted Growth in South Asia of children are stunted, 46% higher than Sub-Saharan Africa's 41% 1 in 3 deaths of children under 5 years of age is linked to malnutrition, including poor growth and AA micronutrient deficiencies SIGNS OF CHRONIC MALNOURISMENT E 250,000 to 500,000 2 in 5 children under 5 are stunted in India vitamin A-deficient children become blind each year, half of them dying within 12 months of losing their sight TOR SHARE OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN 33.4% 32.9% 18 million babies are born with mental impairments due to iodine deficiency Malnutrition is a Gender Issue PREVENTION: Adding iodine to salt SHARE OF ADULTS W/ CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY Damage caused by malnutrition during the 18% 14% Southeast Asia first 1,000 days of life is irreversible 36% 34% India Malnourished children are less likely to go and stay in school, more likely to struggle academically, and earn less over lifetimes East Asia excluding 6% the People's Republic of China 6.3% 9 Billion in 2050: How to Feed Them? MOST LIVE IN EMERGING CITIES People's Republic of China • (PRČ) 1.4 BILLION Estimated share of Asia's urban population by 2026 50% • India 1.6 BILLION MORE AFFLUENT Combined GDP of World's Top 600 Cities 9 $34 trillion ►► $65 trillion 2010 2025 half of global GDP FUTURE FOOD DEMAND WATER CONSTRAINTS FARM LAND UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED Global water demand 40% & supply gap by 2030: Arable land availabilty per person lowest in many parts of Asia India PRC No spare land available for agricultural expansion in South Asia Global food production needs to increase by 60% 50% 25% to meet future food demands What Needs to Be Done? What Can You Do? MAXIMIZE EFFICIENCY IN FINITE NATURAL RESOURCE USAGE ACROSS MULTIPLE SECTORS CHOOSE SUSTAINABLE FOOD 40% of consumers' costs of food is formed in O post-farm gate segments of supply chains MORE local fruits & vegetables in season wholesale, logistics, processing, retail LESS animal products CLOSING THE SUBSTANTIAL YIELD GAPS AT PRESENT CAN BE DONE BY APPLYING ALEADY-AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES LESS • Closing the gender gap in agriculture 0-30% would increase women's farm yields by processed food 2.5-4% improvement in total agricultural O output in developing countries results to CHẠNGE your eating & consumption habits to help improve your health and the health of the Earth REDUCE FOOD LOSS AND WASTE IN FOOD VALUE CHAINS Food Loss in South and Southeast Asia fruits & 50% vegetables cereals & 20% meat 30% seafood fish & Collectively, we can change unhealthy & unsustainable consumption habits and send the right signals to food markets and producers INVEST IN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND SUPPORT SMART & SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Share of global greenhouse gas emissions 12% agriculture 13% transportation SOURCES • FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012 • WHO website updated on Sept 2012. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs178/en/index.html • WHO http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/vad/en/ • UNICEF http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_iodine. • UN nutrition committee in 2005 http://www.unhcr.org/45f6ba692.pdf • Mckinsey and Co. (2012) Urban World: Cities and the Rise of the consuming class • FAO(2012) World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050 the 2012 revision • Mckinsey and Co. (2009) • Reardon, T. Chen, K., Minten, B. Adriano, L. The Quiet Revolution in Staple Food Value Chains - Enter the Dragon, the Elephant, and the Tiger (forthcoming) • FAO( 2011) The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011: Women in Agriculture • Gustavsson et al (2011) Global food losses and food waste, FAO Rome ADB Asian Development Bank FIGHTING POVERTY IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC wwW.ADB.ORG