The Phonebook of the Internet

Domain Name System Complicated technology explained in simple terms History of DNS The first RFC wos drofted and then its copies were distributed among leoding ITexperts 1981 ------------------- 1973 1982 1983 1986 A central system was allocated to be the official source of the host master files. This system worked well for a decode but by the 1980s, the disad- vantages of a centralized manage- ment were becoming obvious A group of programmers held developed in Novem- open international community of netiwork designers, a meeting in 1982 to come up with a solution to relaying name "Domain emails The concept was The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a lorge operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with published under the the evolution of the Internet orchitecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to ony ber 1983. It was Names Plan" interested individual Local DNS server Function ... G https://webhostinggeeks.com/ webhostinggeeks.com 0 - -- - In its simplest form, the DNS is a data- base that maintains the names of web- sites, such as webhostinggeeks.com, and links them to a particular IP addresses that consist of a number pattern 162.247.79.100 Number of websites 1.2 billion ONS There are more than 162.247.78.100 3.2 billion Root DNS server TLD DNS server Authoritative DNS server email accounts blog .webhostinggeeks.com Structure Third Second Тоp level domain level domain level domain General top-level domain names (gTLDs) Country code top-level domains (cc TLDS) 13 root name servers • Verisign O USG-ISI worldwide • Cogent Communications D University of Maryland O NASA O Internet Systems Consortium • Defense Information Systems Agency • U.S. Army Research Lab O Netnod O Verisign O RIPE NCC • ICANN O WIDE Project 9TLD and ccTLD The Current 22 gTLDs BTLDS CCTLDS 2015 O Total TLDS globally 54% 46% 744 new gTLDS to be launched North America 911 applications Europe 675 applications 2012 O.post 2011 .XXX Top 10 generic top-level domain Africa 17 applications Last Period Domain Count 8TLD 118,021,899 .com Latin America/ Caribbean Islands 2005 O .travel .tel jobs .cat 24 applications 2006 O .mobi Asial Australia/ Pacific Islands 303 applications 15,668,196 .net 10,416,160 .org 2004 5,656,103 info .biz -pro 2,735,062 1,067,301 .mobi 2002 O .name .aero 315,126 .asia 2001 O 198,790 .name .museum info .coop biz 138,218 129,249 .tel pro Top 10 country code top-level domains 1996 O .mil 299 Last Period Domain Count TLD Country million domain naolly 26,755,480 .tk Tokelau 15,775,003 10,906,655 .de Germany .cn China registered 10,510,549 .uk United Kingdom 00 5,503,326 Netherlands .nl 4,889,732 .ru Russian Federation 3,860,813 3,488,277 European Union eu .br Brazil 1988 O int 2,881,387 Australia .au 2,819,217 fr France 1985 O.com .org .edu .net gov IPV4 vs IPV6 An IPV4 address (dotted-decimal notation) An IPV6 address (in hexadecimal) 2001:0DB8:AC10:FE01:0000:0000:0000:0000 172. 15. 254.1 Zeroes can be omitted 10101100.00010000.11111110.00000001 0010000000000001:0000110110111000: 1010110000010000:1111111000000001: One byte = Eight bits 0000000000000000:0000000000000000: Thirty-two bits (4 x 8), or 4 bytes 0000000000000000:0000000000000000 Currently in use 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Standardized: 1998 IPV6 Launched: 2012 IPV4 IPV4 appears in: 340,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000 Unique IP Addresses late 1980's - Developed: 1995 internet's dawn 4,300,000,000 Unique IP Addresses Recursive Server Security Issues and Hijacking Usually, a scammer with the use of virus programs changes the designated DNS server to a malicious DNS server. This then guides the user visiting popular websites such as www.google.com or www.facebook.com to web- sites run by those scammers ... O https://webhostinggeeks.com/ - -- - ... ... T https://webhostinggeeks.com/ T https://webhostinggeeks.com/ . _ I - - --- -- - - - ---- -- -- - -- ---- - R A Recursive server sends out a request for informa- tion and has it recurred, or returned back to itself, to eventually provide to the original requestor Recursive server Attacker User Root server TLD server Authoritative server DNS server web hosting GEEKS Sources: https://goo.gl/ZM8Olt .com : : |:| : |: : ** **