Deadly Airport Toxins

NJIT. New Jersey Institute of Technology DEADLY AIRPORT TOXINS NUMBER OF AIRPORTS AND FLIGHTS PER YEAR 8,681,333 FLIGHTS DEPARTED FROM U.S. AIRPORTS IN 2014 THE NUMBER OF AIRPORTS IN THE U.S. HAS GROWN 15,161- 19,453 1980 2013 STATES WITH THE MOST AIRPORTS TEXAS 1,957 CALIFORNIA → 912 FLORIDA 852 ALASKA 737 ILLINOIS 730 OVERVIEW OF TOXINS EMITTED BY AVIATION INDUSTRY The aviation industry produces large amounts of toxic emissions that are a threat to human health and known to be carcinogenic including: CARBON MONOXIDE NITROGEN OXIDES CARBON DIOXIDE SULFUR OXIDES VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS These minute toxic particles and fumes can easily be inhaled into the lungs and bloodstream of people and animals in the area ecten Air pollution levels within 9 square miles of an airport have been shown to be 10 times higher than in other areas STATS ON TOXIC FUMES EMITTED BY SPECIFIC AIRPORTS SEATAC AIRPORT SEATTLE, WA VAN NUYS AIRPORT VAN NUYS, CA The carbon monoxide levels registered above federal guidelines 1.4 tons of lead emissions estimated annually CINCINNATI/NORTHERN KENTUCKY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT LOGAN AIRPORT BOSTON, MA COVINGTON, KY All airport terminal services employees tested exceeded the ACGIH carbon monoxide VOC emissions measured at 667432 kg/yr. threshold limit value of 25 ppm HEALTH RISKS OF LIVING NEXT TO AIRPORTS • Premature death, at very high levels • Reduotion in the oxygen-oarrying oapacity CARBON MONOXIDE of the blood • Reduotion in ability to respond to increased oxygen demands of exeroise or exertion in people with heart disease • Increased respiratory disease and symptoms • Aggravation of existing heart disease, leading to inoreased hospital admissions and premature NITROGEN OXIDES death • Reduotion in the oxygen oarrying oapaoity of the blood • Neurological effeots in ohildren and LEAD cardiovascular effects in adults • Damage to nervous system, kidney funotion, immune system,reproductive and developmental systems and the cardiovasoular system • Premature death in people with heart or lung disease PARTICULATE MATTER • Irregular heartbeat • Aggravated asthma • Decreased lung funotion • Increased respiratory disease and symptoms SULFUR OXIDE • Aggravation of existing heart disease, leading to inoreased hospital admissions and premature death • Eye, nose, and throat irritation • Headaches VOCS • Damage to liver, kidney and oentral nervous system • Increased respiratory disease and symptoms DEATHS AND DISEASES ATTRIBUTED TO AIRPORT TOXINS AIRPLANES FLYING AT A CRUISE ALTITUDE OF AROUND 35,000 FEET EMIT POLLUTANTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO ABOUT o8,000 DEATHS PER YEAR GLOBALLY vocs GENERATED BY SEATAC ADULTS LIVING NEAR AIRPORT HAVE BEEN LINKED AIRPORTSIN THE US HAVE A TO ELEVATED RATES OF CANCER IN THE VICINITY 3.5% The general rate of incidence and fatality for glioblastoma, a brain cancer, is fatal for only one in 25,000 people HIGHER CARDIOVASCULAR HOSPITAL ADMISSION RATE THAN THOSE LIVING FARTHER AWAY HOW CAN WE REDUCE EMISSIONS AND IMPROVE AIR QUALITY? CIVIL ENGINEERS AND THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY CAN DESIGN AIRPORTS TO HAVE EFFICIENT GROUND OPERATIONS AND SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF RUNWAYS Congested airports add to the amount of time aircrafts spend taxiing or idling, reducing emissions Kota Bharu REDRAW FLIGHT PATHS FOR Original A MORE DIRECT ROUTE Kelantan Terengga u flight path Dungun Chukai Less time in the air means less fuel Vsia OKuantan ENCOURAGE RETIREMENT OF OLD AIRCRAFT By 2025, 52% of the U.S. commercial aircraft fleet will be newer, more efficient planes, by 2035, 86% will be 86% 52% YEAR 2025 YEAR 2035 ENCOURAGE DESULFURIZATION OF FUEL Commercial aviation fuel contains sulfur at concentrations of 400-800 ppm, although there is significant variation H.I. 200L graduatedegrees.online.njit.edu SOURCES http://err.ersjournals.com/content/22/128/124.full http://pubs.acs.org/do/pdt/10.1021/es5001568 http://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/airportdata_5010/menu/ http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/htm/table_01_03.html http://www.transtats.bts.gov/Data_Elements.aspx?Data=2 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es101325r http://www.epa.gow/otaq/regs/nonroad/aviation/420f13032. pdf http://www.cde.gow/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2007-0144-3087. pdf http://www.epa.gow/ttnchie1/net/tsd_avgas_lead_inventory_2002.pdf http://www.epa.gow/airquality/urbanair/ http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10,1021/es101325r http://www.mass.gow/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/programs/environmental-health/investigations/logan-airport-health-study.html http://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.15561 http://partner.mit.edu/projects/environmental-cost-benefit-analysis-ultra-low-sulfur-jet-fuels http://www.fas.gowregulations_policies/policy_guidance/envir_policy/media/Primer_Jan2015. pdf