Navigation Tools Through Out History Infographic

NAVIGATION TOOLS THROUGH OUT HISTORY FROM ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS TO MODERN BACKPACKERS, HUMANS HAVE CONTINUOUSLY DEVELOPED TECHNIQUES TO FIND THEIR WAY IN UNCHARTED TERRITORY. MANY OF THE TOOLS AND SIGNS WE USE TODAY ARE DIRECT DESCENDANTS OF PREHISTORIC METHODS. THE EVOLUTION OF WAYFINDING AND DIRECTIONAL SIGNAGE HAS HELPED CIVILIZATIONS SPREAD ACROSS THE GLOBE, DISCOVER NEW LANDS AND EXPLORE THE FARTHEST REACHES OF THE EARTH...AND BEYOND. Cairns are still used as One of the earliest navigational tools,these man-made piles of stones were used by ancient civilizations across the world to give directions, warn of dangers and commemorate events. wayrinding tools today by hikers, sailors and mountain bikers. They are especially useful on trails above tree line. These rudimentary gouges evolved over to time to a more complex marking system used by many land management organizations today to guide hikers and campers. Due to environmental concerns, many modern biases are created with paint or freestanding posts instead of tree carvings. A blaze is a marking that establishes a trail for other travelers. American pioneers often used a hatchet to chop marks into tree trunks to mark paths for other settlers (hence the term "trailblazing"). British navel officer John Campbell developed the sextant in 1757 by improving an existing navigational tool to create device that determines The latest sextants are available in precision-cut plastic and are light, affordable and highly functional. These reliable instruments are still the angle between a celestial object and the horizon. found on many ships as a back-up in case of electronic system failure. The earliest known maps are primitive drawings dated back to 16,500 BC and found in France's Lascaux caves. Mapping took many forms over the years including engraved tablets in Babylon, scrolls in Rome, and globes in 15th century Germany. Today the Internet has given us access to searchable maps of almost anywhere in the world. Digital kiosks also give people access to interactive maps everywhere from shopping malls to historical sites. The first known reference to compass Modern compasses use a magnetized needle or dial inside a capsule completely filled with a liquid. They can be found embedded in can dashboards, watches and even credit cards. use maritime navigation Is found In a Chinese clocumentfrom 1117 AD, but scholars believe they were used as early as 850 AD. The U.S. Department of Defense launched the first experimental UPS satellite in 1978. In 1883 President Today GPS is a critical part of both civilian and military navigation. It has also spurred huge developments in automobile navigation, mobile phone technology, surveying, tracking and shipments. Reagan announced GPS would be made available for civilian use after a commercial Korean airliner was shot down when it strayed into prohibited Soviet airspace. SURVIVAL MASTERY Source: survival-mastery.com