Changing the Curve Women in Computing

+x Changing the Curve Women in Computing Women have been involved with computer science since the very beginning, and have contributed to some of the biggest technological advances in the last century. Here is a look at some of the industry's biggest names. 1842 ADA LOVELACE expands on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine. She is widely considered the first computer programmer!. 1938 GERTRUDE BLANCH becomes technical director of the Mathematical Tables Project, a 1941 WPA human computer group?. ACTRESS HEDY LAMARR receives a patent for "spread spectrum" 1943 wireless communications? THE WIVES OF LOS ALAMOS SCIENTISTS form a central computing pool 1946 on the Manhattan Project. KAY MCNULTY, BETTY JENNINGS, BETTY SNYDER, MARLYN WESCOFF, FRAN BILAS, and RUTH LICHTERMAN program the first general-purpose Turing-complete computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)5. 1947 UNITED STATES NAVY KATHLEEN BOOTH OFFICER GRACE HOPPER writes the first assembly language and programs the Harvard Mark I computer and goes on to work on leads the design of the assembler for the first ARC computers". the first large-scale commercial computer (UNIVAC). She later leads the team that invents the COBOL computer language and coins the term "computer bug". 1961 JEAN E. SAMMET DANA ULERY joins the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory as its first female engineer, developing algorithms and real-time tracking systems. directs the development of the FORMAC programming language. eUser:Dlu776/ Wikimada Commons/CC-BY-SA-30o 1965 SISTER MARY KENNETH KELLER MARY ALLEN WILKES becomes the first American becomes the first to use a computer woman to earn a Ph. D. in in a private home. She later conceptualizes and implements the first-ever operating system (LAP) and mini computer (LINC)5. computer science. 1971 ERNA SCHNEIDER HOOVER is awarded one of the first computer 1979 software patents for her computerized telephone switching system". CAROL SHAW becomes the first female video 1984 game designer (3-D Tic-Tac-Toe and River Raid)E. ROBERTA WILLIAMS writes, designs, and develops the original King's Quest graphical adventure game5. 1985 RADIA PERLMAN the "Mother of the 1993 Internet," invents the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)5. SHAFI GOLDWASSER co-invents zero-knowledge 1997 proofs, which are the building blocks of all computer ANITA BORG cryptography protocols". founds the Institute for 1999 Women and Technology5. MARISSA MAYER becomes the first female engineer hired 2005 at Google. She later takes the helm RUCHI SANGHVI as president and CEO of Yahoo!2 becomes Facebook's 1999 first female engineer. FRANCES E. ALLEN becomes the first female recipient of the Turing Award5. Despite these contributions, gender equality in computer and information sciences is still lagging. Women now outnumber men at elite colleges, law schools, medical schools and in the overall work force. Yet a stark imbalance of the sexes persists in the high-tech world. - The New York Times There's room for improvement in high school... In 2013, women comprised15: 56% 46% 19% Advanced Placement (AP) AP computer science test takers AP calculus test test takers takers The re's room for improvement in college... In 1985, In 2012, women comprised: women made up: 37% 18% 12% Computer science undergraduate degree recipients5. Computer and information sciences Computer science undergraduate degree recipients at major research universities15 undergraduate degree recipients5 64% decline 2000 2012 in the number of first-year undergraduate women interested in majoring in computer science5 2013 At the 2013 Intel Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF):15 25% of finalists in mathematics were female. 14% of finalists in computer science were female. There's room for improvement in the workforce, too... The number of women in computing-related occupations is declining: 8888888888 888 1991 2012 Women only made up 37% of all computing-related occupations in the United States Women occupied 26% of the 3,816,000 computing-related jobs in the United States". Where are we now? Women comprise:" Web developers 34% Programmers 23% Database administrators 37% Software developers 20% Information security analysts 15% Women in leadership make up: 19% 11% 7% of CIO positions at Fortune 250 companies of executive technical roles at privately held, venture-backed companies". of tech company founders20. And yet, startups led by women are more capital-efficient than the norm, with 12% higher revenues using 33% less capital?'. There's good news, though: The gender pay gap for computer programmers is smaller than it is for other professional occupations. Computer programmer Women make 7% less than men22. Attorney Women make 13% less than men22. Accountant Women make 24% less than men22. According to the Anita Borg Institute for Women in Technology (ABI), the top attributes for success for senior technical women include:23 ANALYTICAL COLLABORATIVE HARD-WORKING/ RISK-TAKERS WORK LONG HOURS UNAFRAID TO QUESTION/ DESIRE TO LEARN ASSERTIVE |I think it's very important to get more women into computing. My slogan is: Computing is too important to be left to men. - Karen Sparck Jones, Cambridge Computer Laboratory RESOURCES http://findingada.com/about/who-was-ada/ http://www.agnesscotedu/Iriddla/women/ bla http://www.women-invantors.com/Hady-Lammacasp http://www.mphpa.org/classic/HISTORY/H-06c18.htm http://www.thenoisacast com/2011/04/a-brief-timaline-of-influantial-wormen-in-computing-history http://www.women-inventors.com/Dr-Grace-Murray-Hopper.asp http://www.history.nawy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-h/g-hoppr.htm http://unsungwomen.com/computer-scienca/kathlean- http://www.computarhistory.org/fallowawards/hal/ bios/Jean, Sammet http://mantalfoss com/articla/ 53178/first-worman-aarn-phd-computor-science-was- nun http://meaganpolock.com/women-in-stem-arna- schneider- hoover/ http://www.makers.com/marissa-mayer http://www.huffingtonpostcom/201ý09/13/ruchi-sanghwi-facebook-famale-anginoer_n_961148.html http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/18/ technology/18women.html http://www.ncwitaorg/sitas/defauh/filas/resourcas/bim_02282014wab.pdf https://www.nowitorg/thefacts http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat.htm http://boardroominsiders.com/news/7p=270 http://www.dowjones.com/collateral/filas/WomenPE_raport_finalpdf http://www.kauffman.org/uploadedFilas/successfulLwomen_ontrapranaurs 5-10 pdf http://www.bawaw.com/pdf/IlluminateWPSummary6-10pdf /blanch.htm 9. 10. 12 14 16 17 18. 19 http://www.businasawira.com/naws/home/ 20100322005442/an/ Top-Attmbutas-High-Rarking- Women-Tachnology-Identifiad-Research UBajDPkTum4 http://www.computarwaokly.com/blogs/witsend/2014/02/ intemational-womans-day- five-inspiring-quotes-to-achieve-carear- success html Berkeley School of Information Created by datascience@berkeley OBizMedia oC