A Billion Degrees of Separation

A Billion Degrees of Separation We take the temperature of the universe from absolute cold to 'absolute hot' -273.150 Absolute zero EXTREMES The coldest possible temperature Elements Living things Man-made Earth Solar system Universe -2720 Melting point C of helium 270O -2720 Coldest place in the universe, the -273C Half a billionth of a degree above absolute zero -250- Boomerang nebula (5,000 light years from Earth) -269C Boiling point of helium Lowest temperature survived by a living thing, the hardcore, near indestructible invertebrate Tardigrade (aka moss-pig, water-bear) The lowest man-made -400 temperature, achieved at MIT in 2003 -216C Coldest planet in the solar system, Uranus -218C Melting point of oxygen -184C -2200 Surface temperature of Quaoar, a dwarf planet one billion kilometres -200 -328 Average temperature on the dark side of the Moon -183C -1730 The surface of Mercury at night Boiling point of beyond Pluto oxygen -1450 The clouds of Jupiter -150- -200 -89C Lowest recorded air temperature on Earth, Vostok, Antarctica, 21 July 1983 -139C The mean surface temperature of Callisto, a moon of Jupiter -100 -148 -87C Lowest temperature on surface of Mars -31C Lowest operating temperature of most cold-resistant mobile phone -62C Coldest day ever in the US, at Prospect Creek, Alaska 23 January 1975 -39C Melting point of mercury -50 -40C / -40F The point where Fahrenheit and Celsius scales meet .40 -40 -46C Average January temperature of Oymiakon, Russia, the coldest inhabited place on the planet Melting point of ice 0 32 13.7C Lowest body temperature ever recorded in a live human, Anna Bågenholm, in 1999 34C Average annual temperature of Dallol, Ethiopia, hottest inhabited place on Earth 36C Melting point of butter 250 WISE 1828+2650, a brown dwarf in the Lyra constellation, the coldest found by NASA so far 37C Normal human body temperature 570 Hottest day ever in the US, in Death Valley, California, 10 July 1913 100 50 46.5C Highest body temperature ever recorded in a live human, Willie Jones, in 1980 62C Optimum temperature to sous-vide a soft boiled egg 710 Hottest recorded surface temperature on Earth, in Lut Desert, Iran, 2005 O 80C The surface of Halley's comet when 84 million miles from the sun 100 212 1250 100C Boiling point of Temperature qt which an Intel CPU processor will automatically shut down water 1010 Average daytime temperature of the Moon 127C Max temperature of nose tip of Concorde during supersonic flight 150 300 1510 Highest temperature survived by a living thing, weirdly the hardy water-dwelling Tardigrade again 1620 The temperature at which Auguste Escoffier's famous hazelnut souffle must be cooked, as per his 1903 masterpiece 'Le Guide Culingire' 427C Daytime surface temperature of Mercury 200- 392 500 357C Boiling point of mercury 400 750C Maximum temperature of the brake discs on a Formula 1 car 1,000 600 1,027C Maximum temperature of a flame from burning wood 462C Maximum surface temperature of Venus, hottest planet in the solar system 800 9620 Melting point of silver 1,000 1,832 1,400C The hottest part of a wax candle flame e 1,000C Surface of 51 Pegasi b, a so-called 'Hot Jupiter' whose high temperature is caused by close orbit to its parent star 1,538C Melting point of iron 2,162C Boiling point of silver 1,2000 Eruption temperature of volcanic lava 2,000 2,861C Boiling point of iron 5,000 3,000 3,500C Melting point of carbon 4,000 4,027C Boiling point of carbon 5,500C The surface of the sun, aka the photosphere 5,000C * Temperature inside a conventional chemical bomb 6,627C Surface 5,000 -9,032 temperature of Polaris, the North Star 10,000 6000C O Temperature of the Earth's core 6,000 - 7,000 9,500C Surface temperature of Sirius, the Dog Star 8,000 9,000 10,000 - 18,032 24,000C Temperature at Jupiter's core 50,000- 10,000C Temperature inside a nuclear explosion fireball (energy re-radiated from atmosphere) 100,000 36,926C Highest temperature in the Eta Carinae stellar system, a pre-supernova 100,000 - 180,032 500,000 1 million 1,000,000C The sun's outer massive star atmosphere, aka its corona 1 million 1.8 million 55,000,000C The temperature of gas heated by a supernova, a highly luminous stellar explosion 5,000,000 - 15,000,000C Temperature at the sun's core 10 million-- 18 million 50.000.000 - 10,000,000C Temperature inside a nuclear explosion fireball, initial x-ray blast (quickly absorbed 500,000,000 into atmosphere) 100 million 180 million 1,000,000,000C Temperature of the universe at 100 seconds old 1 billion 18 billion 99,999,999,726C Temperature inside a newly formed neutron star, the hot, highly dense remnant of a collapsed star 500,000,000,000 1 trillion 1.8 trillion 1,000,000,000,000C Temperature of the universe at 104 seconds old 5,500,000,000,000C Hottest man-made temperature, created by collisions of lead ions in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Switzerland 1 quadrillion 1.8 quadrillion 1 quintillion 1.8 quintillion 1 sextillion 1.8 sextillion 1 septillion 1.8 septillion 1 octillion 1.8 octillion 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000C Temperature of the universe at 1035 seconds old 1 nonillion 1.8 nonillion 1 decillion - 1.8 decillion 1,420,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000C 'Absolute hot' Or Planck Temperature, above which conventional physics breaks down Sources: BBC Universe www.bbc.co.uk/science, European Southern Observatory www.eso.org, Guinness Book of Records www.guinnessworldrecords.com, Nasa www.nasa.gov, Web Elements www.webelements.com BBC By Information is Beautiful Studio for FUTURE Executive Creative Director: David McCandless Creative Director: Duncan Swain Design & Research: Christian Tate & Rob Orchard