Antimicrobial Resistance: Colistin

Antimicrobial Resistance: Colistin Colistin is one of the last resort Antibacterial Drug that has been used to treat diseases causesd by gram negative Multidrug Resistant Bacteria. However, there has been reports that plasmid mediated resistance to colistin has been detected. Here is a brief look at Colistin from discovery to now. Discovery dolistin (Polymixin E) was discovered and iso- lated from Paenibacillus polymyxa as a cationic peptide. It has selective bactericidal effects on the hydrophobic outer membranes of gram negative bacteria. 1947- 1950 Availability Colistin became available for the treatment of gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinebacter baumanni, and Entero- bacteriacae(Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherihia coli) in both humans and animals. ! 1959 Decline Due to the reports of nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, the intravenous use of Colistin declined and was restricted to topical and opthalmic usage in humans.' 1970s 1970s- 1990s Multidrug Resistance Resistance to Beta Lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides has increased severely over the years. Revival dolistin was re-introduced in human medicine for the systemic treatment for the nosocomical 1990s) infections as an inactive prodrug Colistin Methanesulphate. Resistance in P.aeruginosa Susceptibility testing showed a decline in effectiveness in 2001- 2002 P.aeruginosa in Australia, Germany and United Kingdom. 3 Resistance in A.baumanni and K.pneumoniae Heteroresistance was discovered in the multidrug restistant bacteria, A.baumanni in Asia, Afica and Oceania. A complete loss of lip- posaccaride is responsible for Colistin resistance in A.baumanni. 2006- 2010 3,5 K.pneumoniae resistance to Colistin has been reported in Greece, South Korea and Australia. 2015 Resistance in E.coli A surveillance project on antimicrobial resistance detected an increase in colistin resistance in food animals in China. Further analysis of the E.coli strain 5HP45, that possessed the resistance, proved that the resistance is tranferable through a plasmid mediated mechanism aided by the MCR-1 gene: This both humans and animals in China, Denmark, UK thus far. gene has been isolated from REFERENCES Collatin: The Revival of Polymyzing for the Management of Multidrug-Reptatant dram-Negative Bacterlal Infections Matthew E. Falagas, Bofia K Kasiakou, and Louis D. Saravolata Clin Infect Dia. (2006) 40 (9): 1333-1341 doi: 10.1086/420323 4 dolistin resistance in Klebaiella Pneumoniae Y. MI Ah, A. Kim, J. Lee Inter. Jour. of Antimic. Agenta 2014. 44 p8-16 Origins and Evolution of Antiblotio Regtiptanoe J Davies and D. Davies Micro and Mol Blo Rev. 2010. p417-433 Roslatance to colistin in Aainetobacter baumannii agdociated with mutationg in the PmrAB two-oomponent yatem. Adama MD, Niekel dd, Designed By Kerry-Ann Bryan Undergraduate at Nottingham Trent University, Department of Biosciences Agenta Chemother. 20g alo an. Emergenoe of plaamid-medilated ooliatin repistanoe mechanism MCR-iin animala and human belngs in dhina: a mieroblologlical and molecular blologioal study Liu, YI-Yun et al The Lanoet Infectious Dipoapop. SRAntimiorob. Ropurgonoe of dolistin: A Review of Repiatanoe, and Dosing PharmacotheAo10 0 , Iddue Vectors From Freepik.com