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Changing the Face of Immigration

.........................- CHANGING THE FACE OF IMMIGRATION Some Senate plans for immigration reform would cut the number of family visas to admit more people based on their job skills, reports the Washington Post. This would be a big change from current policy, one that would significantly change the characteristics of new immigrants. TODAY'S SYSTEM U.S. IMMIGRATION SINCE 190o0 Most people who now receive green cards (that is, become legal permanent residents) are admitted to join family already living in the United States: 44 percent of green cards went to citizens' children, spouses, and parents; 21 percent went to family members of legal permanent residents. Fourteen percent of green cards (about 143,000) now go to employment immigrants, a share that also includes the workers' families. 2,000,000 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20o0 2010 IMMEDIATE FAMILY IMMIGRATION TRENDS SINCE 2002 21% боо,000 500,000 RELATIVES OF CITIZENS RELATIVES 400,000 44% IMMEDIATE FAMILY 300,000 200,000 EMPLOYMENT-BASED 100,000 14% EMPLOYMENT-BASED O 02 03 '04 '05 об 07 08 09 10 11 ADMITTING MORE IMMIGRANTS BASED ON JOB SKILLS RATHER THAN FAMILY CONNECTIONS WOULD SIGNIFICANTLY CHANGE THE CHARACTERISTICS OE NEW IMMIGRANTS PROFESSIONS Most people currently admitted based on job skills work in management or professional occupations, while most admitted based on family connections work in lower-skilled-and lower-paying-occupations. Specifically, 87 percent of immigrants admitted based on work skills in 2011 held management and professional jobs, compared to only 25-29 percent of those admitted for family reasons. EMPLOYMENT-BASED 10% 20% 30% 40% 60% 60% 70% 80% Managment and Professionals Sales and Office Service Farm, Construction, etc. RELATIVES OF CITIZENS MANAGMENT AND PROFESSIONALS 10% 20% Managment and Professionals Doctors, computer programmers, scientists Sales and Office Service SALES AND OFFICE 30% Office staff, advertising, cashiers, real estate Farm, Construction, etc. SERVICE Accountants, food service, tourism, health care IMMEDIATE FAMILY 10% 20% Managment and Professionals Sales and Office FARM, CONSTRUCTION, ETC. Service Painters, agriculture, maintenance, installation, and production 30% Farm, Construction, etc. PEOPLE ADMITTED BASED ON JOB SKILLS ARE MORE LIKELY... BETWEEN AGES 35 44 ...to be men... ...to be married already... ...to be 35 to 44 years old... .THAN THOSE ADMITTED BASED ON FAMILY CONNECTIONS. COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN The proposed shift in priorities for immigrant admission also means big changes in the mix of immigrants' countries of origin. Employment immigrants hail from a more concentrated set of countries than family immigrants do. Most people admitted based on job skills emmigrate from Asia, while those admitted based on family connections come from all over the world. TOP TEN EMPLOYMENT-BASED COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN 1. India 2. China 3. South Korea 31,911 15,949 12,184 4. Mexico 5. Canada 6. Philippines 7. United Kingdom 5,268 8. Brazil 9,196 8,899 7,008 2,385 9. Pakistan 2,302 10. Japan 2,202 The United States clearly needs to tune immigration integration, but also social and and racial quotas by revising civic integration. Immigration policy is by its nature exclusionary: it decides who comes in and who stays out. Some lines of exclusion, the Immigration and Naturalization Act in 1965. policy to its economic and labor market goals. But we also need immigration policy to reflect our national We must be careful that employment-based immigration does not take us back to the old days. character, designing it to foster not only economic though, were clearly rejected when we eliminated country Souroes: Urban Institute research by Maria Enchautegui; Department of Homeland Seourity Office of Immigration Statistios, 2002-2011. EURBAN INSTITUTE ©000 You are free to share, copy, distribute, and transmit this work.

Changing the Face of Immigration

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Some plans for immigration reform would cut the number of family visas to admit more people based on their job skills. This would be a big change from current policy, one that would significantly chan...

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