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148 AUDIO / VIDEO VINYL LP 1950 1851 1952 The gramophone was the dominant recording format in the previous century and still carries on as a niche media to this day. The introduction of magnetic tape cassette allowed music to become much more portable whilst bring recording technology to the consumer market. The audio cassette became a cultural icon, allowing music and ideas to cross between political divides. • NME magazine produces the first singles chart based on sales 1358 The invention of television requires its own type of media and the first major commercial video recording format was Ampex's two inch Quadruplex tape. This revolutionised television by allowing networks to record and re-broadcast shows much more practically than was possible before. It was Sony that were first to condense this technology to the home market with the CV-2000 video recorder although it was so expensive that it was out of reach of most consumers. Sony's Betamax was designed as a cheaper video format and regarded as technologically superior to VHS when it was first released but provided only half the recording time. Although this was increased to gain parity with the competing format, the perceived lack of recording time and extra 1857 1358 1959 1960 COMPACT CASSETTE cost of Betamax machines meant that VHS won the format war. Analogue technology was replaced by digital as optical laser-read discs took over from magnetic tape. CDs could be copied again and again with no degradation in quality and had none of the previous drawbacks such as stretching and distortion. A major advance was the ability to easily skip between tracks how they wanted to enjoy music or video. 1915 onsumers more choice on SONY CV-2000 1966 The creation of high definition television requised a new format capable of supporting the vastly increased data rate. Sony fought a fierce format war again with their Blu-Ray technology pitted against Toshiba's HD-DVD. Lack of content manufacturer and retailer support eventually caused the fall of HD-DVD and Sony's Blu-Ray was taken up as the standard format for high definition video. 8-TRACK 1988 1969 1970 1971 1571 1872 1972 SONY BETAMAX 1873 1974 1974 1875 1176 1877 VHS 1178 1929 • First Sony Walkman on sale 1980 1980 1981 LASERDISC 1982 COMPACT DISK 1184 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1187 1988 1900 1989 1989 1990 1980 1331 SONY MINIDISC 1993 1933 1994 1995 1995 • MP3 comuression format released 1936 1996 DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC 1317 1998 1998 1999 1999 • Napster launched 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 APPLE IPOD 2001 • Apple iTunes Store allows online music purchases 2003 2004 2004 BLU-RAY • Online music sales overtake physical copies in the UK 2005 2005 2006 2006 • lis estimated that half of all the cassettes sold in the UK are for police interview machines 2007 2007 2008 2000 • Apple becomes largest music retailer in the US 2009 YIDEO RESOLUTION 00 CASSETTE TAPES DIGITAL DISTRIBUTION The Internet has had a huge effect on the music and entertainment industry. The ability to buy music and video as 'downloads' removes most of the distribution costs of traditional media and allows smaller content producers to more easily reach their audience. Advances in computer storage and compression technokogy enable consumers to store an almost limitless amount of media when compared to tapes and optical discs, whilst playback devices become smaller and smaller. 100 86.6m AFPLE POO CLASSIC 120GB DOWNLOADS COMPACT DISCS 35 HARD DISK DANE 500GB CASSETTE TAPES VINYL RECORDS 2500 TELEVISON EPISIDES 2001 2002 2013 2004 2005 2006 2007 3NII OVOINMOO 1Y00IAIONT WEIGHT OF EOUIVALENT MEDIA SNOI11IN NI 831VS $319 NIS NA