12 Principles of Green Chemistry

12 Pinciples of Green Chemistry 1. Prevent Waste 3. Design Less Hazardous Chěmical Synthesis Design chemical sytheses to prevent waste. Leave no waste to treat or clean up. Design syntheses to use and generate substances with little or no toxicity to either humans or the environment. 2. Maximize Atom Economy 4. Design Safer Chemicals and Products Design sytheses so that the final product contains the maximum proportion of the starting materials. Waste few or no atoms. Request chemical manufacturers to design safe chemicals. 5.Use Safer Solvents and Reaction Conditions Avoid using solvents, separation agents, or other auxiliary chemicals. If you must use these chemicals, use safer ones. 6. Increase Energy Efficiency Run chemical reactions at room temperature and pressure whenever possible. 7. Use Renewable Energy Use starting materials (also known as feedstocks) that are renewable rather than depletable. The source of renewable feedstocks is often agricultural products or the wastes of other processes; the source of depletable feedstocks is often fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas or coal) or mining operations. 8. Avoid Chemical Derivatives Avoid using blocking or protecting groups or any temporary modifications if possible, Derivatives use additional reagents and generate waste. 800 1000 ml 9. Use Catalysts instead of Stoichiomětric Reagents 600 400 Minimize waste by using catalytic reactions. Catalysts are effecive in small amounts and can carry out a single reaction many times. They are preferable to stoichiometric reagents, which are using in excess and carry out a reaction only once. 200 10. Design Chemicals and Products to Degrade 11. Analyze in Real Time to Prevent Pollution Design chemical products to break down to innocuous substances after use so that Include in-process, real-time monitoring and control during syntheses to minimize or eliminate the formation of byproducts. they do not accumulate in the environment. 12. Minimize the Potential for Accidents Design chemicals and their physical forms (solid, liquid, or gas) to minimize the potential for chemical accidents including explosions, fires and releases to the environment.