Risk factors for type 1 diabetes

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES Incidence of type 1 diabetes has risen dramatically over the past Islet autoimmunity is considered the first stage of progression to type 1 diabetes. Exposure to environmental risk factors could trigger islet autoimmunity in genetically predisposed people. 30 years. CANDIDATE RISK FACTORS FOR ISLET AUTOIMMUNITY COWS' MILK SOLID FOOD · Root vegetables Cereals WEIGHT GAIN · Eggs Rapid weight gain (accelerator hypothesis) Overweight CHANGES IN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA · Caesarean section delivery · Antibiotics TOXINS FOUND IN FOOD OR EARLY WATER RESPIRATORY CHILDHOOD INFECTIONS INFANT CHILDHOOD B-CELL STRESS · Low physical activity · Psychological stress Trauma Glucose overload · Infections · Puberty Rapid growth ENTEROVIRAL FETUS ADOLESCENCE AND INFECTIONS ADULTHOOD POSSIBLE MITIGATING FACTORS VITAMIN D BREASTFEEDING POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS Immune system regulation A child who is still breastfeeding at the time of introduction to Omega-3 fatty acids lower the risk cereals or gluten has a reduced risk of islet autoimmunity Heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes might be explained by an individual's genetics and exposure to different environmental triggers at different life stages. For further information on the risk factors for type 1 diabetes, visit www.thelancet.com/series/T10-risk-factors THE LANCET Sources: 1. Pociot F, Lernmark A. Genetic risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2016; 387:2331-39. 2. Rewers M, LudvigssonJ. Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2016; 387:2340-48.