History’s Deadliest Viruses Illustrated to Scale

HISTORY'S DEADLIEST VIRUSES ILLUSTRATED TO SCALE 3 Marburg 1,400 x 80 nm 1 Rabies Ebolavirus 75 x 180 nm 970 x 80 nm 5 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 80-120 nm Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) Nipah 120-500 nm 120-135 nm Smallpox 325 x 260 nm 10 Japanese Encephalitis Lassa Fever Dengue 50 nm 90-110 nm 50 nm 11 12 13 14 Hanatavirus Hemorrhagic Fever with West Nile Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 80-120 nm 50 nm Renal Syndrome (HFRS) 80-120 nm 80-100 nm COVID-19 17 15 16 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) AKA 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Zika Yellow Fever 50 nm 40-60 nm 120 nm 18 21 19 20 22 Hepatitis B 30-42 nm Неpatitis A Rotavirus 80 nm Нерatitis C 55-65 nm Influenza 30 nm 80-120 nm | 100 nm 23 24 Variecella Zoster Measles 150-200 nm 150-300 nm Carrier of the Virus Human- to-Human Transmission Mortality Rate (if untreated) Virus Mode of Transmission Incubation Period Virus Year Discovered Death Toll Vaccine Family 20 - 90 yes bodily fluids (saliva) 55,000 annually 1 Rabies Rhabdoviridae 2300 B.C. yes 100% days (if treated immediately) 2 - 21 days 60%- 90% 15,230 (11,000 from 2014-2016 outbreak) 2 Ebolavirus Filoviridae 1976 blood and yes no bodily fluids 50%- 90% blood and 2 - 21 368 3 Marburg Filoviridae 1967 yes no bodily fluids days total 50%- 75% blood and 4 Nipah 5 - 14 days 350-525 total Paramyxoviridae 1999 yes no bodily fluids Hantavirus 5 Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 9 - 33 days airborne Випyaviridae 38% 27 total 1993 no no spread Middle East blood and 6 Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) bodily fluids (uncertain due to limited info) 2 - 14 days 858 total Coronaviridae 2012 yes 37% no 10,000 B.C. Eradicated in 1980 droplet spread (saliva) 300-500 million (just in 20th century) 7- 17 7 Smallpox Poxviridae yes 33% yes days Japanese Encephalitis only by mosquito bite 5 - 15 days Flaviviridae 13,600-20,400 annually 1871 no 30% no 15%- 50% blood and 6 - 21 5,000 annually 9 Lassa Fever Arenaviridae 1969 yes no bodily fluids days only by mosquito bite 2.5%- 20% 3 - 15 |10 Dengue 22,000 annually Flaviviridae 1943 no days no Hanatavirus 11 Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal only by rodents 7- 39 days 5%- 15% 47,000 total Bипyaviridae 1950s no no Syndrome (HFRS) Thousands (2,000 in the U.S. alone) 2 - 14 only by mosquito bite 3%- 15% 12 West Nile Flaviviridae days 1937 no no HIV: 2 - 4 weeks AIDS: up to 10 years Human blood and 36 million bodily fluids, perinatal transmission 11% at peak 0.26% 13 Immunodeficiency Retroviridae Virus (HIV) 1981 yes no now total Severe Acute 14 Resp. Syndrome Coronaviridae Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 2 - 7 774 droplet spread 10% 2003 yes days total no transmitted N/A (mainly infant deaths) yes by mosquito bite, perinatal transmission 3 - 14 days 15 Zika Flaviridae 8.3% 1947 no (only during pregnancy) only by mosquito bite 3 - 6 days 30,000 annually 16 Yellow Fever Flaviridae 1900 yes no Severe Acute Coronaviridae 17 Resp. Syndrome Coronavirus 2 2 - 10 days (initial estimate) 7,100+ (as of 3/16/20) 2019 yes droplet spread 6% no COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) 30 – 180 days 3%- 4% blood and 884,000 annually 18 Нерatitis B Нераdnaviridae 1967 yes yes bodily fluids fecal-oral 1-3 450,000 annually 19 Rotavirus Reoviridae 1973 yes spread days 2% yes bloodborne spread, sexual contact, 14 - 180 days 1%- 5% 399,000 annually 20 Нерatitis C Flaviviridae 1989 yes no perinatal transmission fecal-oral 14 - 28 21 Hepatitis A 5,000-10,000 annually Picornaviridae 1% spread, sexual contact 1973 yes days yes yes 12,000-61,000 annually airborne 1- 4 days 22 Influenza Orthomyxoviridae 1918 yes 0.14% spread but only covers 40% of strains Variecella Zoster contact spread, droplet spread 10 - 21 23 (chickenpox, shingles) 4,200 annually Herpesviridae 1658 yes days 0.5% yes 2.6 million 10 - 12 Paramyxoviridae 7th century droplet spread 0.2% annually before vaccine 24 Measles yes days yes CEUfast Sources: www.who.int | www.cdc.gov | www.viralzone.expasy.org www.en.wikipedia.org | www.mdlinx.com | www.livescience.com www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | www.healthline.com | www.microbenotes.com NURSING CE MMAAAMAAMMAM 00