History of Medicine

Prior to the 20th century, healthcare in America was similar to the Wild West. Throughout the 1900s great advancements have made modern medicine a miracle maker in our lives. Medical breakthroughs will continue to happen throughout the 21st century, just look at the progress that's been made in the past 25 years: THE HISTORY OF MODERN MEDICINE AUTOMATED DNA SEQUENCING 89 1990 Dr. Leroy E. Hood patented his invention, which is an automated DNA sequencing technique. SYNTHETIC BLOOD ALCOHOLISM IS GENETIC EXERCISE YOUR BRAIN Fluosol-DA is the first syn- thetic blood approved for human use by the FDA. Dr. Ernest Noble UCLA's Brain Research first identifieda gene associated with severe alcoholism. Institute found that people who are educated and continue to chal- PROOF OF THOUGHT It was used during certain surgeries between the years of 1989 and 1994, when it For the first time, mag- netic resonance imaging mapped out brain blood flow in conjunction with human thought. lenge their brain exhibit certain anatomical brain changes, and have better mental functioning throughout life. was removed from the market due to difficulty storing the material. 98 HEPATITIS A VACCINE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS ISOLATED The first vaccine for Hep- atitis A was made avail- able to the public. 2000 James Thomson and his laboratory become the first people to successfully iso- late embryonic stem cells. PROGRESS WITH HEART DISEASE 1996 The American Heart DOLLY THE FIRST CLONE Association set a decade-long goal to reduce coronary heart disease and stroke risk "93 LYME DISEASE VACCINE Dolly the sheep is the first mammal cloned The troubling disease ticked less people off as a vaccine is developed. FIRST ALZHEIMER'S DRUG by 25% from an adult cell. Cognex (tacrine) is the first drug approved by the FDA that specifically targets symp- toms of Alzheimer's disease. They reached this goal by 2008. "02 '03 By 2010, the risk was reduced by 40%. HUMAN GENOME COMPLETED HPV VACCINE A link between cervical The first draft of a cancer and the human 2006 papillomavirus led to the development of complete human genome is published. PERSONALIZED MEDICINE ARTIFICIAL LIVER this vaccine. Successful targeted thera- py in leukemia patients brought forth the notion of personalized medicine. Scientists at Newcastle University developed a functioning liver grown from embryonic stem cells, although it was not implantable in the human body. This is medical treatment that is tailored toward in- "11 "10 dividuals based off their molecular makeup. HIV COCKTAIL CLONING TO FULL FACE Atripla was the first FDA approved medical cocktail that treats HIV CREATE STEM CELLS TRANSPLANT 2012 Scientists used somatic cell A Spanish man was the nuclear transfer to create in one daily pill dose. GENETIC SWITCHES first person to receive a full face transplant, and expected to regain stem cells. Scientists finally found the purpose of the 98% of the human genome that does not code for genes. This has the potential to rev- 90% of facial functions. olutionize medicine, as these are essentially the building blocks of all organs. MAN WITH HIV CURED These portions of DNA In Germany, a bone marrow transplant miraculously cured a man of both HIV are metabolic switches that regulate how and when genes function. 2014 PRINTING ORGANS and leukemia. 13 Over the past decade, 3D printers have come a long way, and researchers have used them to print every- thing from red blood cells to a functioning human ear. Are reserve organs on the horizon? Although this hasn't been replicated in the same manner, it shows promise for the future of curing HIV. BIONIC EYE The Argus II is the first bionic eye to receive FDA approval. This chip takes video images and converts them into neural communication. The future of medicine looks bright. With progress comes more opportunity. Are you educated for a job in the field of healthcare? SOURCES SUCCESSFUL 25 HETAWW.NEIMORG HTWW.NITIMES.COTEAACTIVE/20205ICALTIUDGAL-DOCTOR EMLORTIMES.S0 HTwww ALZoNc/arsAnCsONCE/MAOAMLESTONESNALDHEMERSAD HEmwwaMITHIONANMALCO/MNOATION/-MESCALADWAMCn-ro-WATEH-IN-DOMEB/ND-ar Hmww.rHECAANAMCo/wc/e///ULL-PRCE-rRANLANT-FRIEM SINCE 1989 HETARCNEaco.coM/HEALoCADCANCME-HORMONES-TOP-E-MIOCAADANCsS-DECADSroernosenaGLEPACETR HTPWW.POPSOLCOM/TCOINOLOCYMATICLE/3-0/WORLDS-FIRS-aOC-EYE-RECEVES-FDA APROwAL COMPUTE. DSYSTEMS Hmwww.ENN COM//os/om/wERTHPEWOEMEEAL ANCE HITACONrintT.COM/ /CALS/RACKAGESARTICLE .o4_2eo_20oa.cO.HTL INSTITUTE HETwwwRED.COM/200OUTOP-10-SOENTI