Rare Earth Metals

"Rare Earth Minerals" are 17 ELEMENTS located on the periodic table and they are essential to the high-tech and clean energy industry. The name is a little deceiving because rare earth elements are relatively plentiful in the Earth's crust. They are regarded as "rare" because deposits of these elements are generally not exploitable commercially. China has one-third of the world's reserves and CONTROLS 97% of the world's supply. ALL AB OUT ABOUT RARE EARTH METALS Н Не LOCATION IN THE Li Be PERIODIC TABLE BCNOF Ne AL Si P S Ci Ar Na Mg K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te | Xe CAMERA Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn Pr Nd Tb Dy Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Rs Rg Cn Uut Uug Uup Uuh Uus Uut Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 21 44.9559 +3 Sc 138.9055 140.123 59 140.9077 60 4.3 144.24 61 (145) 62 1504 63 150.9 SCANDIUM +3 88.9059 6.48 930.9 6.96 1015.9 LANTHANUM CERIUM PRASEODYMIUM NEODYMIUM PROMETHIUM SAMARIUM EUROPIUM YTTRIUM 158.924 66 1625 67 68 +3 157.25 164.9304 168.9342 173.04 32 174.967 Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 9.32 1544.9 1947 Lu GADOLINIUM TERBIUM DYSPROSIUM HOLMIUM ERBIUM THULIUM YTTERBIUM LUTETIUM WORLD RARE EARTH METALS PRODUCTION AND RESERVES PRODUCTION in Ton: GREENLAND Mongolia CHINA 99.000 Kvanefjeld CANADA Hoidas Lake 20,000 Nechalacho 5,000 5,000 Shadong 9,600 Guangdong Bear lodge planned completion date of mid-year 2013 3,600 3,600 n Sichuan 18,000 Mountain Pass 2,700 UNITED STATES INDIA MT Weld 21,000 Dubbo Zirconia 2,500 Nolans 20,000 RESERVES in Ton : AUSTRALIA UNITED STATES 13,000,000 CHINA 36,000,000 INDIA 3,100,000 REST OF WORLD 41,000,000 Baotou Beijing The WIND TURBINE requires 1-2 ton of neodymium. Michigan lake Nd RADAR Every year the mines near Baotou (404 miles west of Beijing) produce about 10,000,000 tons of wastewater, much of it either highly acidic or radioactive, and nearly all of it untreated. More than double the capacity of Michigan lake. Pr Nd Sm Tb Dy RARE EARTH SUPPLY AND DEMAND 2005 - 2015 200,000 180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 700$/kg CHINA SUPPLY The demand for rare earths will increase 500,000 tons in 2020 as big projects in green energy and hybrid cars are expected to rise. CHINA DEMAND REO SUPPLY O REO DEMAND PORTABLE X-RAY Pm Tm China has been reducing its export quotas every year since 2006, reaching up to 72%. This reduction of exports by Chinese officials is intended to feed their growing domestic market. 72% Low-energy LIGHT BULBS Rechargeable BATTĒRIES CELLPHONES Pr Nd Tb Dy La Eu Tb Y La Ce Pr Nd Tb Dy COST INCREASE Caused in part by moves on the export of Beijing. These 5 elements are those that have registered the greatest increase. 230$/kg 2007 2011 TV and MONITOR Eu 133.10$/Kg 130.60$/kg 120.60$/kg 89.10$/kg 30.24$/kg It is estimated that only 1% of rare earths are recycled 3.44$/kg 3.04$/kg 3.60$/kg 138.9055 58 143 144.24 1504 162.5 * Ce Nd 10159 LANTHANUM NEODYMIUM 1791 SAMARIUM DYSPROSIUM * La CERIUM Buckyballs SOURCES: www.washingtonpost.com I www.telegraph.co.uk www.geology.com I en.wikipedia.org www.savemalaysia-stoplynas.blogspot.com.es I www.tradereform.org I www.gwmg.ca | www.digitaljournal.com I www.newelectronics.co.uk | www.factsanddetails.com I www.nationalgeographic.it I www.bloomberg.com