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How mobile phones are made

mobilise Conflict minerals and production of smartphones Scale Step 1: sourcing the minerals The minerals used in smartphones are sourced across various parts of the world, the majority in Africa. To maintain produc- tion values low and guarantee high demands within the mineral sales however, criminal and often violent methods are 1.000.000 DRC Human rights violations, civil wars, rape and environmental destruction used. 100.000 Many of the phones in the global market are made from conflict minerals. People killed in the war for minerals Brasil Illicit mining and environmental Colombia Terrorist attacks by rebels, armies, pollution and common gangs alike as an easy way to finance their violent agendas that lead to and perpetuate human rights abuses. Chile Violent Bloodiest mining minerals ores Less violent Coltan GPS Tin Casing Focal point: Democratic Republic of Congo Cassiterite Circuit boards Since 1996, the DRC has played host to the world's deadliest conflict since World War II. Over 5.4 million Congolese have died and 1.7 million have been displaced due to the ongoing conflict. Gold Capacitors Tungsten Vibration Congo Human rights violations,civil wars, rape and environmental destruction DRC Up to 40% of miners are children DRC more than 5 million people have been killed Conflict minerals sourced in DRC and transported and traded to Uganda, Rwanda and Kenya. These partners also fuel and profit from the ongoing wars and strict controls by the Congolese army. From here they are sent to the Asian smelting factories. Step 2: mineral refining and smelting Neglect of UN codex of ethics Ethical categories represented through coloured rings per country respectively Child labour Forced labour Harassment or inhumane treatment Category classifications extracted from the official UN codex of ethics conduct paper Hazardous work conditions First step: minerals from Congo sold extremely cheap to Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda and smelted and refined in Asian, often Chinese Refined minerals sold on to electronic product production companies throughout east Asia factories Taiwan Foxconn headquarters China, Shenzhen Largest Foxconn factory manufacturing products for Apple, Nokia, Sony, Motorola, etc. Step 3: phone production in factories 165 million smartphones used in the US in 2012 Step 4: trading and shipping Transport via shipping and air freight across continents. 419 million smartphones sold across the world 2012 Smart phone travels an average of XXX miles from the production factory before reaching the buyer. Forecast for 2016: 1.16 billion smartphones shipped out yearly War is easier than peace. No need to provide your army with equipment, you just kill man and take it. 22 Step 1: sourcing the minerals "conflict minerals: natural resources whose systematic exploitation and trade in a context of conflict contribute to. Conflict minerals and production of smartphones benefit from or result in the commission of serious violations of human rights, violations of international humanitarian law or violations amounting to crimes under international law". Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo Since 1996, the DRC has been the site of the world's deadliest conflict since World War II. Over 1.7 million have been displaced and more than 5.4 million Congolese have died and due to the ongoing conflict. The journey of a smartphone begins in the eastern Congo, where the majority of the mines are located. More than 200 are currently being exploited and often controlled by rigorous army groups. Some are also controlled by the neighbouring countries Rwanda, who are closely involved in trading and selling of the "Tve never reported on a war more barbaric than Congo's. I've seen children who have been forced to eat human flesh, girls who have raped." minerals. Some minerals are legally exported, with taxes paid to the Congolese government, while many are smuggled across Congo's porous borders. Neighbouring countries involved in the criminal taxing and trading of overpriced minerals using violent methods Eastern Congo Rebel armies control majority of the mines taxing entry, exit and anything purchased within. Uganda Kenya Rwanda Democratic Republic of ngo Many of the workers are children aged 10-16 to be small enough to fit in the mines. D. R. Congo more than 5 million people have been killed in the war since 1990 Warlords finance their predations in part through the sale of mineral ore containing tantalum, tungsten, tin and gold." Zimbabwe human rights violations, civil wars, rape and environmental destruction DR Congo Gold Circuit boards Coltan Capacitors Sourced conflict minerals and their use Cassiterite GPS Tin Casing Congo Tungsten Vibration It is dangerous to provide transparency to this trade. Armed groups control much of the transport from the mine to the buying house. According to estimates, the armed groups generated approximately $75 million from mineral trans- port last year, out of the total of $180 million earned by armed groups from the mineral trade. The average wage for a miner is between $1 and $5 a day. The mines are also filled with child laborers between the ages of 10 and 16, now missing out on precious years of school. Suicide attempts In the Foxconn Chengdu factory 2011 " Step 2: mineral refining and smelting Mass production under slave labour in factories "Forced Labor: any use of forced, bonded or indentured labor or involuntary prison labor. All work, including overtime work, will be voluntary and workers should be free to leave upon reasonable notice. Suppliers should also not mandate that workers hand over government-issued identification; passports or work permits as a condition of employment." First step: minerals from acquired extremely cheaply from Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda sold to east Asian smelting and refining factories. Large factory sites manufacture electronic goods for e.g. Nokia, Sony, Samsung, Apple factories for slave labour wages. these 10 main smelting companies process over 80 percent of the world's tin, almost all of which are based in East Asia. Step 3: phone production in factories Taiwan Foxconn headquarters China, Chendgu largest Foxconn factory, ca. 340.000 workers Workers live in company dormitories, up to 25 people in a room Overtime hours excessive - at Chengdu between 60 80 hours p.m. considered normal 1 day off per week rule often flouted Branding costs: $ 197 Shipping costs: $ 25 Total cost of supplies and production: $188 Final factory production costs: $8 Foxconn factory Assembly of smartphone: on average touched by 2-12 people and completed within 20-45 mins of first Camera: $18.00 assemblance in factory Battery: $4.50 Display: $ 44.10 Gold mining: $ 4.00 Longhua, Shenzhen "Foxconn City" Coltan mining $2.10 Export of the finished product to retail smelting pot O stores Parts shipped to Foxconn, China and put together shipping routes Coltan mine (Tantalum, Columbite) Shipping to Asian smelting companies Part productions in 9 different companies across Korea, Japan, Germany and US Refined minerals sold on to electronic product production companies throughout east Asia Refined minerals sold on to electronic Trading across neighbouring countries product production companies throughout east Asia Mineral sourcing from African mines

How mobile phones are made

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Fairtrade for electronic products: University project to create a solution to a problem, here to increase awareness and provide transparency to the technical process and the ethical implications invo...

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