Top 10 Most Impressive Civil Engineering Projects of All Time

10 MOST IMPRESSIVE TOP CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS OF ALL TIME 4 years 10 10,000 workers Qingdao Haiwan Bridge Qingdao, China | 2011 to build 3 million cu. yd (2.3 million cu. m) of concrete Reutera With a total length of 26.4 miles (42.5 km), the bridge is currently the Longeat Bridge in the World in aggregate length 450,000 tons of steels BEIJING • OINGDRO It is built to CHINA withstand typhoons, earthquakes IOHON URS HONG KONG up to 8.0 on the Richter scale, and impacts of 300,000 ton vessels The Qingdao Haiwan Bridge connects the city of Qingdao in Eastern China with the Huangdao suburbs, across the waters of Jiaozhou Bay SEP 11255). 2015 23.11.05.00 09 Burj Khalifa (Dubai Tower) Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) | 2010 2,717 ft (828 m) 163 floors Standing at 2,717 ft (828 m), the tower is currently the Tallest Building and the Tallest Free-standing 163 floors are habitable, covering a floor area of 3.3 million square feet Structure in the world 27 terraces 1,775 ft (541 m) The building's setback design ereates 27 terraces One World Trade Center New York, 2014 99 miles/hr wind speeds (160 km / hour) Strong winds were such an engineering obstacle that over 40 wind tunnels tests were conducted to determine the wind's impact on the building and construction cranes 22,000,000 man hours Over 22 million man hours went into building the tower and some of the building was completed at night- including pumping concrete almost 2,000 ft up – to avoid the high daytime temperatures 08 English Channel Tunnel English Channel, Strait of Dover | 1994 The tunnel is 31 miles (50 km) long and 250 ft (76 m) deep 31 miles It is the 2nd Longeat tunnel in the world and contains the longest undersea portion of any tunnel DOVER CALAIS UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE Named one of the 7 Wonders of the Modern Worid :Territorial boundary of Prance and lelted IKingdom by ASCE 6 years The high speed trains move so quickly that valves in the tunnel walls open and close to vent the pressure that builds up as the trains push air through the tunnel 13,000 engineers, technicians, construction workers mutas tar 11 tunnel-boring machines to build 07 BRID COLDEN MAIN SPAN Golden Gate Bridge San Francisco, CA | 1937 27,572 strands 80,000 \miles long Each of the bridge's two main cables is made of 27,572 strands of wire and together the wire is roughly 80,000 miles (128,747 km) long Named a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by ASCE 600,000 rivets The bridge required 600,000 rivets to build COLDEN GATE PRBIFIC OBERN The almost 1.3 mile (2.1 lem) wide SAN FRANCISCO "Golden Gate" strait, strong winds, and earthquakes all posed significant obstacles to building a bridge that would connect San Francisco to the rest of the bay 06 Hoover Dam Colorado River, AZ 1936 Tocks 4 billion kWh/yr Hoover Dam generates, on average, about 4 billion kilowatt houra of hydroelectric power each year for use in Nevada, Arizona, and California - enough to serve 1.3 million people The dam is almost 690 fl thick at its base and about Named one of the 7 Wonders of the Modern World and a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by ASCE 45 ft thick at its highest point nonnOoondon A Millennium Monument, achievements that had the greatest positive impact on life in the 20th century LAKE MERO BLACK HOUNIRINS 690 ft Hoover Dam rises 725 ft above the Colorado River 93 and resulted in the creation of Lake Mead, the largest HODVER DAM man-made lake in the Western Hemisphere COLORADO RIVER 05 Canol Panama Canal Panama | 1914 ATLANTC OCEAN Locks Railway SCOLON REPUBLIC OF Da GATUN PANAMA ZONE Named one of the 7 Wonders of the Modern World REPUBLIC and a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by ASCE PANAMA DA PANAMA ATLANTIE ODEAN PACIFIC OCEAN PACIFIE ODEAN SOUTH AMERICA Each of the movable lock doors The 47 mile (77 km) The ship must be lifted on one side and lowered weighs 750 tons and fills with 52 million gallons of water to accommodate the more than 15,000 ahipe using the canal long waterway connects more cross the than Canal 15,000 every ships year the Atlantic and Pacifie Oceans, allowing ships to pass between North and South America on another side by 85 feet (26 m) every year instead of the natural channels or around Cape Horn, shortening the trip by 9,000 miles (15,000 km) CAPE HORN LAKE WATER LEVEL GATUN LAKE SEA LEVEL SEN IEVEL PACIFIC OCEAN AILANTIE OLLAN MIRAILORES LOOKS GATUN LOCKS 60 million Ibs. A project is currently underway to expand the canal with a third set of locks that will allow for bigger ships to use the canal More than 60 million I 12 ft pounds of dynamite were used to build it and 40,000 workers moved enough dirt to bury all of Manhattan 12 ft deep 04 Brooklyn Bridg Brooklyn, New York | 1883 Brooklyn Bridge cdraueing, courtaey of geeergallery com The Brooklyn Bridge is notable for being: The first suspension bridge to use steel for its cable wire 144,000 vehicles a day The first to use explosives in a dangerous underwater foundation system called >a Caisson Before the project began, the chief engineer died, and the job was taken over by his son, Washington Roebling who oversaw most of the bridge's construction without ever leaving his Today, the Brooklyn Bridge is the 2nd busiest bridge in New York City with 144,000 vehicles crossing the bridge every day 3,460M The longest suspension bridge in the world (3,460 ft) at the time > it was built apartment due to a crippling decompression sickness 03 Aqueduct of Segovia Segovia, Spain | 50 A.D. 167 arch It has 167 arches that are each more than 29 ft high 44 double arches (or 88 when counted individually) and 79 single arches BUILT AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL 50 A.D. ENGINEERS Built during the reign of 24,000 blocks The aqueduct is designed to transport water from the Fuente Fría river, situated in the nearby mountains, Named by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) as a Historic Civil Roman Emperor Trajan, the aqueduct is preserved so well that it is still used today The bridge consists of 24,000 granite blocks made without the use Engineering Landmark in 1999 some 11 miles (17 km) from the city in La Acebeda region. It runs another 9.3 miles (15 km) before arriving in the city of mortar 02 Great Wall of China China 475 B.C. - 15th Century C.E. 475 B.C.E. Construction began in 475 BC to protect China from invading Huns Over 2,000 years, a series of several walls were built, rebuilt, merged, and expanded to create the wall as it stands today, completed between the 15th and 17th 5,500 miles The wall is 5,500 miles long (8,850 km) and can not actually be seen from space century The mortar uaed to bind the stones of the wall is made from Some of the watchtowers stand 3.215 ft (980 m) rice flour above sea level and the wall M reaches 25.6 ft (7.8 m) in height and 16.4 ft (5 m) in width in the Juyongguan pass (Google aatelite view of Great Wall nection om Gubeuikou-Simatai-Jinahanling. 2006 40 40'2194" N 11r12'2a.6u"E At 756 ft long and 450 ft high, the Great Pyramid was the O Talleat Man-made Structure 5 in the world for more than Great Pyramid ia, typt | 2504 R.C. 3,800 years 756 ft 100 200 300 400 Б00 G00 700 B00 2.3 million 2.5 tons 30,000 25-80 tons The largest stone blocks weigh between 25 and 80 tons and were transported from almost 500 miles (800 km) The pyramid consists of 2.3 million stone Average weight of each stone Estimated number of workers required to build the pyramid blocks block away REFERENCES http://www.asce.org/Content.aspx?id=214748730 http://www.asce.org PPLContent.aspx?id=2147486103 http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/04/travel'engineering feat http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/brooklyn html http://sctence.discovery.com/science-technology/10-feats-of-engineering.htm http://www.coloreoat online.com/blog/index.php/2011/05/engineering the- history-12-projects-that-changed-the-world http://www.abtimes.com/panan industry shipyards- http://www.asce.org/People-and-Projects/History-and-Heritage Historic-Civil- EngineeringLandmark-Program/Historic-Civil-Engineering-Landmark-Index/ IMAGE CREDITS Golden Gate Rivet Datail photoeverywhere.co.uk Brooklyn Bridge drawing http://www.geezergallery.com Map of Hoover Dam, 1980 http:/www.ecommeode.com Eurostar English Channel independent.co.uk Tunnel-Boring Machine http://eyeoftheńsh.org Wanhington Roobling Arm by Fernando Roxas Braga from The Noun Project Water by Thomas Hirter from The Noun Project Golden Gate Bridge panoramio.com Laka Mead Emperor Trajan Hoover Dam http://qalabist.com http://www.hayinart.com http://www.vansairforce.net http://rmltman.wordpress.com http://www.funwallz.com http://www.amusingplanet.com http://www.henbury.bristol.sch.uk Phil Laver from The Noun Project Suspension Bridge Nicholas Burroughs from The Noun Project brooklynbridgeaworldwonder.com Burj-Khalifa Qingdao Bridge Brooklyn Bridge -canal- smaller vessels-untan-increase-us-maritame- Concrete Mizer NORWICH UNIVERSITY Online civilengineering.norwich.edu 250 ft The marvel 750 tons ZONE 3,215 ft 450 ft 85 ft