Transcribed
AUSTRALIA : Summary analysis of material flows and materials intensity indicators
4.1 Australia 9(a) 9(b) Domestic Material Consumption / Capita DMC I GDP (kg / SUS Year 2000 exchange based) 60.0 4.0 Australia Asia-Pacific World Rest of World 3.5 50.0 3.0 40.0 2.0 30.0 1.5 20.0 1.0 10.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1970 1980 1990 2000 1970 1980 1990 2000 9(c) (p)6 Domestic Material Consumption / Capita Physical Trade Balance / Capita 60.0 5.0 IBiomass IFossil fuels 0.0 50.0 + Metal ores and industrial minerals Construction minerals -5.0 40.0 -10.0 30.0 -15.0 20.0 -20.0 10.0 -25.0 -30.0 0.0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Figure 9 Summary analysis of material flows and materials intensity indicators for Australia. Tonnes / Capita Tonnes/Capita Tonnes/Capita
AUSTRALIA : Summary analysis of material flows and materials intensity indicators
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According to the country typology, Australia is an LDI-NW country. This class of country is characterized
by large natural resource endowments per capita, and low population densities. From Figure 9 (...
a)
it is apparent that the stabilization of DMC per capita evident in the REEO AP report (UNEP 2011)
continued up until 2008, while a rapid expansion in PTB per capita continued (Figure 9 (c)). This
emphasises the degree to which growth in DE per capita in Australia has been driven by exports of
fossil fuels and metal ores, with Australia serving increasingly as an energy and materials supplier to
the industrial transformation taking place elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific region. DMC per capita is a
factor of five higher than regional and world averages, much of which is accounted for by metal ores
and industrial minerals, which frequently undergo initial processing stages in Australia, prior to export
in highly concentrated forms (Schandl and West 2012) Australia’s trend in MI continued to be roughly
static, with no sustained improvement for nearly four decades.
While the national MI trend is better than the average for the region, it needs to be remembered that
the poor aggregated regional performance is a result of the changing shares of individual countries
in regional GDP. On an individual country basis, Australia’s result is poor, although this is perhaps an
outcome of being primarily an exporter of raw materials, especially when those exports are largely
composed of metal ores and subject to high concentration factors in their exported form.
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