Where Could Life Exist?

WHERE COULD LIFE EXIST? MARS PLANET HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL Zero traces of ancient life found. Signs that liquid water still flows on the surface. Samples needed for analysis. Strong signs of organic building blocks, including carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Water found in soil is bound to minerals and inaccessible. Very thin atmosphere. Atmosphere thought to be thicker in the past. VENUS PLANET HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL Similar to Earth in size O No evidence of water. and distance from the sun. Surface is smoking.hot. It hovers around 864 Fahrenheit. Contains chemicals that could be used by living things. Might have originally featured similar environment to Earth, Extreme pressure. Approximately 90 times what it feels like at sea including oceans. level on Earth. EUROPA JUPITER'S MOON HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL Water ice could exist between surface and underground liquid water layer. So many unknowns. NASA wants to send a spacecraft there in the 2020s. Tidal forces on Jupiter may generate heat in underground oceans. Volcanic activity could provide heat and chemical building blocks of life. -GANYMEDE JUPITER'S MOON HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL We have a lot to learn. The European Space Agency's JUICE orbiter should reach it by the 2030s. Ocean underneath the icy crust. Has magnetic field. Oxygen atmosphere. CALLISTO JUPITER'S MOON HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL If there is an ocean, it's a cold one that relies on radioactivity Possible ocean underneath icy surface. for heat. 01- JUPITER'S MOON HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL Sits inside Jupiter's magnetic Thin atmosphere. field. It gets pounded by lots of radiation. Volcanic activity. Some parts are incredibly cold. Outside chance life evolved on surface when Some are incredibly hot.. conditions were more favorable, then retreated underground to avoid ġeothermal activity. No water found. -ENCELADUS- SATURN'S MOON HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL Signs of tidal forces Incredibly cold. and stressing by orbit with which could generate heat. Plumes of water shoot from cracks in surface, suggesting an underground ocean underneath icy surface. TITAN SATURN'S MOON HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL Thick atmosphere. Incredibly cold. Air contains methane. Life on Earth generates methane. Water is present but it's chemical makeup doesn't sustain any life we know of, CERES DWARF PLANET HOPEFUL DOUBTFUL We have a lot to learn from ?) NASA's Dawn mission, Contains water vapor. which has been observing the dwarf planet in 2015. Signs of a lot of water ice. Much like Earth, it features Lighter materials on surface, denser minerals at core. World Science Festival