Visualisation in Medicine

VISUALISATION IN MEDICINE HOW MRI SCANS WORK Invented by Raymond Damadian - United States in 977 MRI Scan uses Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used in medical settings to produce high quality images of the inside of the human body. like detailed pictures of organs, soft tissue, bane and virtually all internal body structures. MRI Sconner Patient Matorised Table Computer A Step by Step Guide The Inner Workings Rodio Frequency Transmitter & Receiver Se ond res rade Hydrogen Protons • Water makes up 60-70% of the human body • Water - molecules of Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms (HO) • The prosons in Hydrogen atoms naturally spin on a variecy of axes Main Magnetic Coil Ceotesanemage feid The Main Magnetic Coil X Magnetic Coils • The main magnetic col creates a uniform magnetic field around the patient The spinning Hydrogen protons in the patiene's body will align with the magnetic field Y Magnetic Coils Cirate e orying mage fale pan op bemn Z Magnetic Cols The Radio Signal Transmitter Creste oyg mar fed f ol to e The radio transmitter sends out radio wave pulses of varying frequencies • When the frequency of the radio wave manches the frequency at which the proson is spinning, the proton absorbs the energy of the radio ware The additional energy causes the proton to tik out of aligament with the magnetic feld Output Uses The Radio Signal Receiver Dilferences in issue type are shown as dfferences in colour contrast Used to detect: • When the pulise of the radio wave ends, the proton returns to alignment with the magnetic feld. and emits a (resonanc) signal of che same frequency the radio signal it absorbed • The resonant signal is picked up by the radio receiver • Haemorrhages • Tumours • Cysts • Brain Infections • Torn Ligaments • And other Pathologies The computer maps the location data and tissue type data to produce an image of the body The X,Y and Z Magnetic Colls • The resonant frequency of the atom depends on the type of atom (ie. Hydrogen), the surrounding atoms (Le. the type of bissue), and the serength of the magnetic feld The X.Y and Z magnetic colls create a second magnetic field of varying intensity on top of the static magetic field Because resonant frequency is proportional to the urength of the field. protons in different locations will then have different resonant frequencies The level of detail from an MRI scan is far higher than a CT scan or X-ray. Because radio waves have much less energy than X-rays, they are a non-iodising form of radation, which makes an MRI much safer than X-rays The Computer and CT scans. • MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and uses information contained within the resonant signals to creace an image of the patient's body • The computer matches incoming resonane frequencies to the location of the individual protons • Hydrogen protons in different kinds of issue emit response signals of a dferenc length, eg the response signal from bone is diferent irom blood. Associated Risks which is different from the heart etc. • Canceroun The computer matches the length of the signal to tissue ype There is no evidence that the magnetic waves used in MRI scans pose any health risks. However, accidents have previously occurred where unsecured meal objects in the scanning room have been drawn to the magnetic feld of the MRI scanner and caused projectile injury. Serict protocols are in place by most health orgariasions to ensure this doesn't happen. s tissue emits a signal of greater length than non-cancerous tissue Sources http://www.cisteduhtbooksimniinside htm hetp://web.mit.eduinventiawinnersa-damadian.hem http:lidev.ersnet.orgiuploads/Documenc8avWEB_CHEMIN 2563_1194523150 pdt http:l/www.rim.ngovimedineplusiencylarticler00333s.hem http:licommons.wikimeda.orgwikFilMRI_head_sidepE hetp:llwww.beyondiscovery.orglcontent/viewarticle.aspla=129 httpellimeigorate.royalsocienyorglkstia-window-on-the-brainithe-science-behind-che-scenesaspx Graphic Created by Acclarent UK hettp/lwww.baloominuplasty.co.uklaboutacclaren Original URL hetpellwww.baloonsinuplasty.coukivisualnation-n-medicinal