Sunkel Plumbing - History of Pluming
EARLY PLUMBING HISTORY 2500 B.C. 1760 B.C. 1700 B.C. The Egyptians are adept at drainage construction, accentuated by the significance that water plays in their priestly rituals of purification and those affecting the burial of the kings. King Hammurabi Babylonia personally directs provincial governors to dig and dredge the canal on a continuous basis and to prevent neglect of those canals. The Minoan Palace of Knossos on the isle of Crete features four separate drainage systems that empty into the great sewers constructed of stone. 312 B.C. 705 B.C. 800 B.C. Aqueducts, which supply water to Roman baths, are first built. The first sewers of Rome are built and are called the Cloaca Maxima. The Assyrian king Sennacherib develops a 10 mile long canal in three stages, including 18 fresh water- courses from the mountains, two dams and water diversion and a chain of canals. 4th Century A.D. 1596 1738 Rome has 11 public baths, 1,352 public fountains and cisterns, and 856 private baths. JF Brondel introduces the valve type flush toilet. Sir John Harrington invents a "washout" closet anew, similar to the drainage principle on the isle of Crete. 1829 1778 1775 Joseph Bramah patents an improved version of Cumming's invention with two hinged valves. The "Bramah" also becomes a prototype for closets on boats and ships. The Tremont Hotel of Boston becomes the first hotel to have indoor plumbing and has eight water closets built by Isaiah Rogers. Another Englishman, Alexander Cumming, patents the forerunner of the toilet used today. 1848 1857 1858 England passes the national Public Health Act, which becomes a model plumbing code for the world to follow. George Jennings popularizes public lavatories The first packaged toilet paper is invented by American Joseph Gayetty and called Gayetty's Medicated Paper. Paper 1870 Baths and Plumbing of Ancient Societies Thomas Twyford comes up with an improved version of the Bramah which contains no metal parts and is credited with the revolutionary design of a one-piece toilet. EGYPT Toilet seats for the working class were at times made of limestone. Others used toilet stools. Householders seem to have collected their sewage in pits, dumped it into the river or disposed of it in GREECE The idea of the bath tub was a polished marble bowl about 30" in height. The owner would stand in the tub and have a slave douse him with water the streets The mortuary temple of King Suhura at Abusir was furnished with metal fittings for use as lavatories. The outlet of the basin closed with a lead stopper attached to a chain and a bronze ring. over his head and his body. The palace of King Minos featured decorated walls and plaster stands which held ewers and washing basins, At the heart was a five-foot long, tapered bathtub which was filled and emptied by hand. The tub was painted terra cotta, and deco- rated in a bas relief of a watery motif of reeds. ROME The public baths were the city centers of group enjoyment, places of gossip and contacts. To prolong their pleasure and relaxation, the Romans developed hot water and steam systems that evolved to service colossal structures. ENGLAND The baths of the Emperor Caracalla of Rome covered nearly a 28 acre site. It contained more than 1,600 marble seats. Inside a house or apartment, waste was stored in a glass urinal or metal chamber until filled. Tenants usually disposed of the contents by tossing them out the doors windows. The chamber pots of the working class were usually made of copper, although later ones might In the cold water bath of Pompeii, water was supplied through a bronze spout. An artificial lake created for Augustus measured be of crockery. The chamber pots for the rich and royaity were solid silver. 1,800 long x 1,.200' wide. James I had his chamber pot encased in a leather box and locked shut with a key. RUSSIA The "close stool" of Henry VIll was padded in black velvet, trimmed with ribbons, fringes, and quilting, ll tacked on with 2,000 gilt nails. People of Slavic origins would build themselves banyas by first building a hut then placing a large tub containing red-hot stones inside it. They then took hempseed and threw it on top of the stones. JERUSALEM MESOPOTAMIA In the courtyard of Solomon's Temple stood the "molten sea." said to have held 2,000 baths. It was used by the celebrants to wash their hands and feet before entering the Nebuchadnezzar's "bath" in all actuality was a shower. Slaves poured water over him as he washed with a soap made of ashes of certain plants and fats. sanctuary. Current Plumbing Statistics working in the United States 8 AUOAVER plumbers and pipefitters ROTO- ROOTER 555,900 The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts thatthe plumbing industry will grow by 16 percent Vbetween 2008 and 2018. 16% Sources: http://www.muswell-hill.com/foxandco/pages/history.htm http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/Plumbing_4.htm http://www.quoracom/What-are-some-important-statistics-and-trends-on-the-plumbing-industry-in-the-USA http://smallbusiness.chron.com/open-plumbing-business-2467.html http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos211.htm
Sunkel Plumbing - History of Pluming
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