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Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of His Life and Times

STEPHEN HAWKING A BRIEF HISTORY OF HIS LIFE AND TIMES 66 the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all. My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of 99 BEGINNINGS: HIS PERSONAL LIFE 1942 - 1966 1942 On January 8th, Stephen William Hawking was born in Oxford, England. FACT Hawking was born on the 300th anniversary of the death of Galileo. FRANK HAWKING 1905-1986 ISOBEL HAWKING 1915-2013 STEPHEN MARY PHILIPPA EDWARD 1950 His father became head of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research, at which time the entire family moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire. 1953-1958. Hawking attended St Albans School. His father wanted him to attend Westminster School, but couldn't afford the tuition without the aid of a scholarship. 13 year-old Stephen was ill on the day of the scholarship examination, so he remained at St Albans. FACT While at school, Hawking never got very good grades. He was never higher than the middle of the class when it came to grades. In fact, at one point he was only three spots from the bottom. Despite that, his classmates gave him the nickname "Einstein." He developed an early interest in Science, and wanted to attend university for Mathematics. Acceding to his father's wish for him to attend University College, Oxford, Stephen decided to study Physics since Oxford did not offer a mathematics degree at the time. 1959-1962 Hawking began attending Oxford, studying physics, at age 17. Being younger than the other students, he had a difficult time for the first year and a half. STUDY HABITS Throughout his years at Oxford, he found the work quite easy and as a result studied very little, only an estimated 1,000 hours in his three years there, an average of about an hour a day. + In his last year at Oxford, Hawking began to exhibit increased bouts of clumsiness, and after a fall down some stairs, a trip to the doctor yielded the advice "Lay off the beer." 1962 After receiving first-class honors degree in Natural Science from Oxford, he started graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. FACT Upon returning home for Christmas, his family encouraged him to see a doctor about his increased clumsiness and frequent bouts of slurred speech. 1962 Hawking, now 21, was diagnosed with Motor Neurone Disease (or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS), or in the United States, Lou Gehrig's Disease) a debilitating neurological disease that causes patients to lose control of their voluntary muscles. FACT Doctors gave him a life expectancy of two years. The average age for getting ALS is 55; Hawking got it at 21. 1963 Hawking attended a New Year's party where he met his future wife, Jane Wilde. She was attracted to his "Sense of humor and his independent personality." 1964 Jane Wilde accepted his marriage proposal, helping Hawking pull out of his depression and continue his research. 1965 Stephen and Jane Wilde married on July 14. 1965 Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a space-time singularity in the center of black holes, Hawking wrote his thesis based on applying that theory to a much larger scale, the universe itself. 1966 Hawking completed his studies and obtained a doctorate in philosophy in March. 1966. His essay, "Singularities and the Geometry of Space-Time" won him that year's Adams Prize. FACT The Adams Prize is awarded each year by the Faculty of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and St John's College to a young, UK based mathematician or first-class international research in the Mathematical Sciences. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME 1967 - 1990 The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge. 99 1967 Jane and Stephen's first son Robert, was born in May. 1968 Hawking collaborated with Roger Penrose, a continuation of his work on the singularity theorem concepts proposed in his thesis. Their joint essay came in second place in the 1968 Gravity Research Foundation competition. FF 1969 Hawking's health worsens to needing crutches, before finally he was confined to a wheelchair, despite protest on his part. 1970. Hawking discovered what became known as The Second Law of Black Hole Dynamics. 1970 His daughter Lucy is born in November. 1971. His essay "Black Holes" won the Gravity Research Foundation award in January. 1973 "The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time," Hawking's first book, is published. He also began research into quantum gravity and quantum mechanics, discovering that his findings contradicted the previously established second law. The lareake 1974. The results he presented this year made Hawking an international celebrity, despite contradicting his second law, his findings showed that black holes emit a form of radiation. This radiation needed a name, and so we now have Hawking Radiation. 1974. In March, just a few short weeks after the announcement of Hawking Radiation, Stephen Hawking became a Fellow of the Royal Society. FACT The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge is a learned society for science, which today serves as a scientific advisor to the British government. 1974. STITUT Hawking was appointed to the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholar visiting professorship at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). 1975 Hawking was awarded the Pius XI Gold Medal for Science from Pope Paul VI. 1978. Hawking was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford. 1979 Hawking returned to Cambridge, where he was awarded one of teaching's most renowned posts, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. Established in 1663, the position has only been held by 14 people, including Sir Isaac Newton. 1979 Stephen and Jane welcomed their third child, Timothy in April. 1981 At a Vatican conference he presented work suggesting that there might be no boundary – or beginning or ending – to the universe. 1982 Hawking was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, an order of chivalry established in 1917 by King George V. 1982 o Hawking began work on what would become one of his most popular books, A Brief History of Time. 1983 In collaboration with Jim Hartle a notable physicist and professor at the University of California, they published a model, known as the Hartle Hawking state, proposing that before the Planck Epoch the universe had no boundary in space-time; that there was no time before the Big Bang as time did not exist before the formation of space time. That essentially the concept of the beginning of the universe is meaningless. 1985 While in Geneva, Hawking caught pneumonia, which with his already worsening ability to breath became a life-threatening situation. As a result of the required tracheotomy, Hawking lost what little remained of his voice. A computer programer from California responded to Hawking's need by developing a speech synthesizing program that could be directed by head or eye movement. 1988 Hawking's book, A Brief History of Time is published. It sells 10 million copies, and is translated into 40 languages. The book presented quantum mechanics, string theory, and the big bang theory in a fashion more accessible to the public. It is a massive hit, and skyrockets to the top of the bestseller lists in both the US and the UK. STEPHEN HAWKING 1990. Stephen and Jane's marriage had become severely strained, and they separated. MOVING FORWARD 1991 AND BEYOND My expectations were reduced to zero when I was 21. Everything since then has been a bonus. 99 1992 A documentary about Hawking's life, titled A Brief History of Time, directed by Errol Morris and produced by Steven Spielberg, premiered. 1993. STEPHEN Hawking published a collected edition of his own articles, Black HAWKING Holes and Baby Universes and other Essays. UNIVERSE FACT Having heard that he was interested in appearing on the show, Leonard Nimoy approached Hawking, and so in 1993 Stephen Hawking appeared as himself in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. 1995. Stephen and Jane divorced, which he followed quickly with his marriage to Elaine Mason, a nurse that his and Jane's separation. had fallen in love with prior to 1997 A six part mini-series, Stephen Hawking's Universe, premiered on television. UNIVERSE 2001 Hawking published The Universe in a Nutshell, which won the Aventis Prizes for Science Books in 2002. He also appeared in the documentary, The Real Stephen Hawking. 2004 Nurses tending Hawking reported to the police their belief that Hawking was being physically abused by his wife, Elaine Mason. Police investigations were started, but were later called off when Hawking denied the allegations. STAR TURN In the 2004 movie Hawking, actor Benedict Cumberbatch (Star Trek Into Darkness) played the young Hawking. 2005 HAWKING Hawking published A Briefer History of Time, an update and rewrite of his 1988 work, A Brief History of Time. 2005 His disease-related deterioration continued, and began to control his communication device with the muscles in his cheek. 2006 Hawking and his wife Elaine file for divorce, after which he resumed his close relationship with his children, grandchildren and ex-wife Jane. 2007 Hawking and his daughter Lucy published George's Secret Key to the Universe, a children's book aimed at presenting the basics of theoretical physics in a manner appropriate to children. It would go on to have two sequels. HAWKING HAWKING 2007 He went on a zero gravity flight, during which he experienced weightlessness 8 times, and even performed some acrobatic maneuvers. 2009 Hawking's health problems continued to worsen, and could no longer drive his wheelchair independently. He continued to suffer from increasing respiratory problems, missing a conference in Arizona due to a chest infection. 2009 He received America's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. 2010's TERMEN Hawking published his first major work in over a decade, The Grand Design. The book argued against the idea that God created the universe. In it he said, "Because there is a law such as gravity,the universe can and will create itself HAWKING THE GRAND DESIGN from nothing." 2011 Hawking participated in a trial for a device called the iBrain. The device is designed to pick up changes in the wearer's electrical brain signals, which are then interpreted by a special algorithm. Hawking said "I wish to assist in research, encourage investment in this area, and, most importantly, to offer some future hope to people diagnosed with ALS and other neurodegenerative conditions." STEPHEN HAWKING HAS APPEARED ON NUMEROUS AMERICAN TV SHOWS, INCLUDING THE SIMPSONS, FUTURAMA, AND THE BIG BANG THEORY. FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO THE 10 SMARTEST ALSO HAD ALS DISEASE PEOPLE IN THE WORLD 10. Stephen Hawking 71 author of 6 best selling books, 14 awards of recognition IQ: 160 1Q: 170 9. Judit Polgar 37 chess champion 8. Sir Andrew Wiles 60 mathematician 1Q: 170 7. Paul Allen 60 co-founder of Microsoft IQ: 170 Lou Gehrig Hall of fame NY Yankee baseball player Mao Zedong Chinese IQ: 180 5. Garry Kasparov 50 chess champion 1Q: 190 6. James Woods 66 actor Communist leader 1Q: 192 1Q: 210 2. Christopher Hirata 31 astrophysicist 1Q: 225 1Q: 230 4. Rick Rosner 53 TV writer 3. Kim Ung Yong 51 child prodigy 1. Terrence Tao 38 professor, UCLA Charles Mingus Jazz musician David Niven Famous actor Brought to you by: Www.special-education-degree.net Sources: http://coolfunpedia.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-top-10-smartest-people-in-world.html http://www.hawking.org.uk/about-stephen.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/famous-scientists/physicists/10-cool-things-stephen-hawking.htm http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395571/ https://sites.google.com/a/jeffcoschools.us/stephen-hawking-by-charlie/home/accomplishments INN

Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of His Life and Times

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