Small Modular Reactors

SMALL Small modular reactors (SMRS) are one of the latest nuclear energy technology innovations. SMRS -- about one-third the size of a typical MODULAR nuclear power plant -- feature simplified, compact designs that are anticipated to be cost-effective and incredibly safe. REACTORS The Energy Information Administration projects that by the year 2040 electricity demand in the U.S. will increase by 28 percent. SMRS can help meet the nation's growing energy demands while providing reliable, affordable low-carbon power. As clean energy demand continues to grow, the Energy Department is committed to providing licensing and technical support for the deployment of SMR designs within the next 10-15 years as well as R&D efforts for advanced SMR technologies. THE DESIGN FACTOR Major components (aka "modules") are assembled in a factory and shipped by train or truck to the point of use, where they are installed and loaded with fuel. The reactors can be installed 2 underground -- providing more safety and security. Additional SMRS can be installed onsite as energy demand increases. HOW DO SMRS WORK? Pressurizer Nuclear power plants generate heat through nuclear fission. The process begins in the reactor core. Atoms are split apart - releasing energy and producing heat as they separate into smaller atoms. The process repeats again and again through a fully controlled chain reaction. Keeps reactor coolant water under high pressure to prevent it from boiling. Reactor Coolant Pumps Control rods made of neutron-absorbing material are inserted into the core to Circulate the reactor's coolant. regulate the amount of heat generated by the chain reaction. Steam Generator Reactor coolant water picks up heat from the reactor core. Reactor coolant pumps circulate this hot water through a steam generator, which converts water in a secondary loop into steam. Converts water in a secondary loop into steam to drive a turbine that generates electricity. Control Rods The steam is used to drive a turbine, which generates electricity. Used to control the power of a nuclear reactor, including shutting down the reaction. Core Throughout the process, the pressurizer keeps the reactor coolant water under high pressure to prevent it from boiling. The "heart" of the reactor -- where heat is generated by nuclear fission. WHY SMRS MATTER MORE NEW LESS PREP FLEXIBILITY OPTIONS BUSINESS SMR modules require limited on-site preparation - which could significantly reduce up-front capital costs and SMRS could strengthen U.S. leadership in nuclear energy worldwide -- creating new domestic jobs and businesses, and global SMRS could increase nuclear technology options -- their smaller size makes them ideal for locations that cannot support large reactors. As energy demand increases, additional SMRS can be added to provide more construction times power at a site. compared to large scale reactors. export opportunities. ENERGY.GOv