Permafrost Degradation

Permafrost degradation There has been an increase in the number of accidents and incidents of damage to various structures in the permafrost region in recent years 55,000,000,000 RUBLES This is the figure that is spent each year on maintaining the pipelines and reducing the strain caused by degradation of the permafrost The Arctic Circle Forecast changes in the permafrost In the past few decades, the permafrost has receded 40-80 km. By the middle of the 21st century it will probably have receded a further 100-200 km • melting until 2025 • melting until 2050 • relatively stable PERMAFROST (OF MANY YEARS STANDING) - SUBSURFACE UNDERGROUND ZONE, 1. ISLANDS OF CONTEMPORARY PERMAFROST 2. QUARTERNARY DEPOSITS, LOAMY CHARACTERIZED BY A STABLE NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE LASTING MANY YEARS AND SAND, LOAMY SOIL 3. UPPER PALEOGENE DEPOSITS, INTERLAYERED CLAY, SAND, EVEN MILLENNIA. ARGILLITE 4. RELICT PERMAFROST 5. MID PALEOGENE CLAY THE THICKNESS OF THE PERMAFROST LAYER TYPICALLY RANGES FROM SEVERAL TENS TO SEVERAL HUNDREDS OF METERS, IN SOME CASES UP TO 1,500 M. DEPTH, M 100 50 70. -50 63. 93. -100 -150 -200 -250 -300 OF RUSSIAN GAS THAT LIE IN THE PERMAFROST AREAS OF RUSSIA THAT OF RUSSIAN OIL THAT LIE -350 LIE IN THE PERMAFROST IN THE PERMAFROST ZONE ZONE ZONE -400 Assessment Report on Climate Change and its Consequences in the Russian Federation. Roshydromet, 2008. • A Forecast of Emergency Situations within the Russian Federation in 2012. The Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies Sources: and Disaster Relief, 2011 ORIANOVOSTI © 2012 wwW.RIA.RU