Manganese: Powering the Next Generation of Lithium Ion Batteries

VISUAL CAPITALIST M ANGAN E S E POWERING THE NEXT GENERATION OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES MANGANESE IS THE 4TH MOST TRADED METAL WORLDWIDE, PRIMARILY TONNE BECAUSE IT IS INDISPENSABLE STEEL O IN THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL 8KG AND OTHER ALLOYS. MANGANESE 2011 ANNUAL MANGANESE PRODUCTION: 14 000 000 TONNES AVERAGE AMOUNT USED IN STEEL FOR STRENGTH, HARDNESS AND ABRASION RESISTANCE. MANGANESE ORE USE SILICOMANGANESE 38 OTHER ALLOYS ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE METAL OF ALL MANGANESE PRODUCED IS 0 USED TO MAKE MANGANESE OXIDES, Z70 WHICH HAVE A FAR DIFFERENT END USE - BATTERIES. MANGANESE OXIDES SLAG CARBON FEMN 30 3) MANGANESE OXIDES ARE USED IN TYPES OF BATTERIES ALKALINE BATTERIES: LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL FORECASTED BELOW GDP GROWTH 3 DISPOSABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES Li-ion LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL Battery 130 A 3,7 WARNING FORECASTED AT HISTORICAL RATE OF 4% 2= RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERIES HIGH GROWTH POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES ALONE IS MAKING MANGANESE 0XIDES AS A WHOLE THE FASTEST GROWING MANGANESE SECTOR. ....> ..... THE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERY ELECTRONS CURRENT A ELECTROLYTE LITHIUM SALT IN ORGANIC SOLVENT R ANODE: GRAPHITE IN LITHIUM ION BATTERIES, GRAPHITE IS WIDELY ACCEPTED AS THE OPTIMAL MATERIAL FOR ANODES. C CATHODE MATERIALS USED IN THE CATHODE, HOWEVER, VARY FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND CHANGE OVER TIME AS NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DISCOVERED. • LITHIUM IONS MAGNANESE OXIDE USING MANGANESE OXIDE AS THE CATHODE MATERIAL RESULTS IN THE LITHIATED MANGANESE DIOXIDE BATTERY WHICH HAS: HIGHER CAPACITIES THAN OTHER RAPID POWER DISCHARGE: THEY CAN RELEASE MORE HIGH ENERGY DENSITY: HIGH CYCLE LIFE: MORE POWER IN A THEY CAN BE CHARGED AND STATE-OF-THE-ART ENERGY AT ONCE AND BE SMALLER SPACE DISCHARGED MORE TIMES THAN BATTERY MATERIALS. CHARGED FASTER OTHER BATTERIES BEFORE THEY NEED TO BE REPLACED TYPICAL NUMBER OF CYCLES LI-MANGANESE NIMH NI-CD LEADACID 200 400 600 800 1000 LMD MAIN USES LMD BATTERIES' ARE IDEAL FOR APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRE HIGH LEVELS OF POWER ALL AT ONCE: - POWER TOOL USING A NICD BATTERY POWER TOOLS: POWER TOOL USING A LMD BATTERY THE ADVENT OF THE MANGANESE OXIDE CATHODES ALLOWED LITHIUM ION BATTERIES TO BE USED IN POWER TOOLS FOR THE FIRST TIME. IN FACT... ..LMD BATTERIES' SUCCESS IN THIS INDUSTRY PAVED THE WAY FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE SECTOR. SMALL BATTERY SIZE LARGE CARS: LMD BATTERIES ARE NOW USED IN THE CHEVROLET VOLT, THE NISSAN LEAF AND THE HYUNDAI SONATA. ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE SALES: Ford HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES BATTERY POWER TO BOOST EFFICIENCY OF ENGINE GROWTH IN THIS SECTOR WILL BE MAJOR DEMAND 25% BEV 37.2 PLUGIN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVER FOR MANGANESE OXIDES. HEV % 44.8 USES BATTERY POWER OR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF ALL FORD'S AUTO PRODUCTION WILL BE ELECTRIC VEHICLES BY 2020. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES ONLY BATTERY POWER PHEV 18 - CHAIRMAN OF FORD 2020 (proj.) 4 000 000 2004 2010 735 000 157 000 MANGANESE OXIDE DEMAND 608,000 MT (2021) 2015 349,000+ MT (2011) 25% AFTER 2015, DEMAND GROWTH IS EXPECTED TO REFLECT HIGHER MARKET PENETRATION RATES BY ELECTRIC VEHICLES. PERCENTAGE OF MANGANESE OXIDE USE FOR LMD BATTERIES (2021) 2010 2020 CAGR OF 5.3% CAGR OF 6.1% FURTHERMORE, THE TECHNOLOGY STILL HAS VAST POTENTIAL... UNDER DEVELOPMENT 2 MINS ENGINEERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS HAVE WITH THIS TECHNOLOGY, CHARGING BUILT A PROTOTYPE LMD BATTERY THAT CAN YOUR CAR WILL BE PRACTICALLY THE BE RECHARGED TO 90% IN 2 MINUTES SAME USER EXPERIENCE AS FILLING YOUR GAS TANK CHALLENGE: DEVELOPING CAR ELECTRICS THAT CAN WITHSTAND SUCH HIGH AMPERAGE. 01 STANFORD RESEARCHERS HAVE PRODUCED A MANGANESE-BASED BATTERY THAT CAPITALIZES ON THE DIFFERENCE IN SALINITY BETWEEN FRESH AND SALTWATER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. RIVER WATER POWER PLANTS LOCATED AT RIVER MOUTHS COULD GENERATE ELECTRICITY 04 02 85% EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SEA WATER 03 CHALLENGE: ANODES ARE CURRENTLY MADE OF SILVER, AND ARE TOO EXPENSIVE AT THE TIME BEING. THESE TECHNOLOGIES NOT ONLY Li-ion LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES THAT USE HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO FURTHER Battery MANGANESE OXIDE AS A CATHODE MATERIAL ARE SOME OF THE BEST ENERGY 130 mah 3.7y DRIVE MANGANESE DEMAND, BUT CHANGE THE WAY WE LIVE. STORAGE DEVICES KNOWN TO MAN. DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES IS DRIVING UPWARDS THIS IS REVOLUTIONIZING THE MANGANESE OXIDE SECTOR AND AS THE WORLD TRANSITIONS TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES CREATING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ENTIRE MANGANESE SPACE. VISUAL CAPITALIST IS COMMITTED TO PROVIDING INDEPENDENTLY RESEARCHED CONTENT FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. TSX.V: AMY THANKS TO AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. FOR COVERING THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF THIS PROJECT. LEARN MORE AT WW.AMERICANMANGANESEINC.COM AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. VISUAL CAPITALIST EDUCATING A NEW GENERATION OF INVESTORS ON RESOURCE INVESTING VISUAL CAPITALIST AND MANAGMENT www.VISUALCAPITALIST.COM TOP 5 SOURCES: HTTP://WWW.BUCHANSMINERALS.COM/PORTALS/0/PDFS/MANGANESE_MARKET_OUTLOOK_2012_EXECUTIVESUMMARY.PDF HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/EXPLAINING LITHIUM_ION_CHEMISTRIES HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/TYPES_OF_LITHIUM_ION HTTP://WwW.ECONOMIST.COM/NODE/18437910 HTTP://WWW.GPINA.COM/PDF/HIGHPOWER-CAT.PDF FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF SOURCES, PLEASE VISIT: VISUALCAPITALIST.COM/SOURCES CONCLUSION # OF CHARGES VISUAL CAPITALIST M ANGAN E S E POWERING THE NEXT GENERATION OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 1 TONNE MANGANESE IS THE 4TH MOST TRADED METAL WORLDWIDE, PRIMARILY BECAUSE IT IS INDISPENSABLE STEEL O IN THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL 8KG AND OTHER ALLOYS. MANGANESE 2011 ANNUAL MANGANESE PRODUCTION: 14 000 000 TONNES AVERAGE AMOUNT USED IN STEEL FOR STRENGTH, HARDNESS AND ABRASION RESISTANCE. MANGANESE ORE USE SILICOMANGANESE 38 OTHER ALLOYS ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE METAL OF ALL MANGANESE PRODUCED IS 0 USED TO MAKE MANGANESE OXIDES, Z70 WHICH HAVE A FAR DIFFERENT END USE - BATTERIES. MANGANESE OXIDES SLAG CARBON FEMN 30 3) MANGANESE OXIDES ARE USED IN TYPES OF BATTERIES ALKALINE BATTERIES: LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL FORECASTED BELOW GDP GROWTH 3 DISPOSABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES Li-ion LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL Battery 130 A 3,7 WARNING FORECASTED AT HISTORICAL RATE OF 4% 2= RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERIES HIGH GROWTH POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES ALONE IS MAKING MANGANESE 0XIDES AS A WHOLE THE FASTEST GROWING MANGANESE SECTOR. ..... THE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERY ELECTRONS CURRENT A ELECTROLYTE LITHIUM SALT IN ORGANIC SOLVENT A R ANODE: GRAPHITE IN LITHIUM ION BATTERIES, GRAPHITE IS WIDELY ACCEPTED AS THE OPTIMAL MATERIAL FOR ANODES. C CATHODE MATERIALS USED IN THE CATHODE, HOWEVER, VARY FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND CHANGE OVER TIME AS NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DISCOVERED. • LITHIUM IONS MAGNANESE OXIDE USING MANGANESE OXIDE AS THE CATHODE MATERIAL RESULTS IN THE LITHIATED MANGANESE DIOXIDE BATTERY WHICH HAS: HIGHER CAPACITIES THAN OTHER RAPID POWER DISCHARGE: THEY CAN RELEASE MORE HIGH ENERGY DENSITY: HIGH CYCLE LIFE: MORE POWER IN A THEY CAN BE CHARGED AND STATE-OF-THE-ART ENERGY AT ONCE AND BE SMALLER SPACE DISCHARGED MORE TIMES THAN BATTERY MATERIALS. CHARGED FASTER OTHER BATTERIES BEFORE THEY NEED TO BE REPLACED TYPICAL NUMBER OF CYCLES LI-MANGANESE NIMH NI-CD LEADACID 200 400 600 800 1000 LMD MAIN USES LMD BATTERIES' ARE IDEAL FOR APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRE HIGH LEVELS OF POWER ALL AT ONCE: - POWER TOOL USING A NICD BATTERY POWER TOOLS: POWER TOOL USING A LMD BATTERY THE ADVENT OF THE MANGANESE OXIDE CATHODES ALLOWED LITHIUM ION BATTERIES TO BE USED IN POWER TOOLS FOR THE FIRST TIME. IN FACT... ..LMD BATTERIES' SUCCESS IN THIS INDUSTRY PAVED THE WAY FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE SECTOR. SMALL BATTERY SIZE LARGE CARS: LMD BATTERIES ARE NOW USED IN THE CHEVROLET VOLT, THE NISSAN LEAF AND THE HYUNDAI SONATA. ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE SALES: Ford HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES BATTERY POWER TO BOOST EFFICIENCY OF ENGINE GROWTH IN THIS SECTOR WILL BE MAJOR DEMAND 25% BEV 37.2 PLUGIN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVER FOR MANGANESE OXIDES. HEV % 44.8 USES BATTERY POWER OR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF ALL FORD'S AUTO PRODUCTION WILL BE ELECTRIC VEHICLES BY 2020. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES ONLY BATTERY POWER PHEV 18 - CHAIRMAN OF FORD 2020 (proj.) 4 000 000 2004 2010 735 000 157 000 MANGANESE OXIDE DEMAND 608,000 MT (2021) 2015 349,000+ MT (2011) 25% AFTER 2015, DEMAND GROWTH IS EXPECTED TO REFLECT HIGHER MARKET PENETRATION RATES BY ELECTRIC VEHICLES. PERCENTAGE OF MANGANESE OXIDE USE FOR LMD BATTERIES (2021) 2010 2020 CAGR OF 5.3% CAGR OF 6.1% FURTHERMORE, THE TECHNOLOGY STILL HAS VAST POTENTIAL... UNDER DEVELOPMENT 2 MINS ENGINEERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS HAVE WITH THIS TECHNOLOGY, CHARGING BUILT A PROTOTYPE LMD BATTERY THAT CAN YOUR CAR WILL BE PRACTICALLY THE BE RECHARGED TO 90% IN 2 MINUTES SAME USER EXPERIENCE AS FILLING YOUR GAS TANK CHALLENGE: DEVELOPING CAR ELECTRICS THAT CAN WITHSTAND SUCH HIGH AMPERAGE. 01 STANFORD RESEARCHERS HAVE PRODUCED A 国 MANGANESE-BASED BATTERY THAT CAPITALIZES ON THE DIFFERENCE IN SALINITY BETWEEN FRESH AND SALTWATER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. RIVER WATER POWER PLANTS LOCATED AT RIVER MOUTHS COULD GENERATE ELECTRICITY 04 02 85% EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SEA WATER 03 CHALLENGE: ANODES ARE CURRENTLY MADE OF SILVER, AND ARE TOO EXPENSIVE AT THE TIME BEING. THESE TECHNOLOGIES NOT ONLY Li-ion LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES THAT USE HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO FURTHER Battery MANGANESE OXIDE AS A CATHODE MATERIAL ARE SOME OF THE BEST ENERGY 130 mah 3.7y DRIVE MANGANESE DEMAND, BUT CHANGE THE WAY WE LIVE. STORAGE DEVICES KNOWN TO MAN. DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES IS DRIVING UPWARDS THIS IS REVOLUTIONIZING THE MANGANESE OXIDE SECTOR AND AS THE WORLD TRANSITIONS TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES CREATING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ENTIRE MANGANESE SPACE. VISUAL CAPITALIST IS COMMITTED TO PROVIDING INDEPENDENTLY RESEARCHED CONTENT FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. TSX.V: AMY THANKS TO AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. FOR COVERING THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF THIS PROJECT. LEARN MORE AT WW.AMERICANMANGANESEINC.COM AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. VISUAL CAPITALIST EDUCATING A NEW GENERATION OF INVESTORS ON RESOURCE INVESTING VISUAL CAPITALIST AND MANAGMENT www.VISUALCAPITALIST.COM TOP 5 SOURCES: HTTP://WWW.BUCHANSMINERALS.COM/PORTALS/0/PDFS/MANGANESE_MARKET_OUTLOOK_2012_EXECUTIVESUMMARY.PDF HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/EXPLAINING LITHIUM_ION_CHEMISTRIES HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/TYPES_OF_LITHIUM_ION HTTP://WwW.ECONOMIST.COM/NODE/18437910 HTTP://WWW.GPINA.COM/PDF/HIGHPOWER-CAT.PDF FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF SOURCES, PLEASE VISIT: VISUALCAPITALIST.COM/SOURCES CONCLUSION # OF CHARGES VISUAL CAPITALIST M ANGAN E S E POWERING THE NEXT GENERATION OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 1 TONNE MANGANESE IS THE 4TH MOST TRADED METAL WORLDWIDE, PRIMARILY BECAUSE IT IS INDISPENSABLE STEEL O IN THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL 8KG AND OTHER ALLOYS. MANGANESE 2011 ANNUAL MANGANESE PRODUCTION: 14 000 000 TONNES AVERAGE AMOUNT USED IN STEEL FOR STRENGTH, HARDNESS AND ABRASION RESISTANCE. MANGANESE ORE USE SILICOMANGANESE 38 OTHER ALLOYS ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE METAL OF ALL MANGANESE PRODUCED IS 0 USED TO MAKE MANGANESE OXIDES, Z70 WHICH HAVE A FAR DIFFERENT END USE - BATTERIES. MANGANESE OXIDES SLAG CARBON FEMN 30 3) MANGANESE OXIDES ARE USED IN TYPES OF BATTERIES ALKALINE BATTERIES: LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL FORECASTED BELOW GDP GROWTH 3 DISPOSABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES Li-ion LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL Battery 130 A 3,7 WARNING FORECASTED AT HISTORICAL RATE OF 4% 2= RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERIES HIGH GROWTH POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES ALONE IS MAKING MANGANESE 0XIDES AS A WHOLE THE FASTEST GROWING MANGANESE SECTOR. ..... THE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERY ELECTRONS CURRENT A ELECTROLYTE LITHIUM SALT IN ORGANIC SOLVENT A R ANODE: GRAPHITE IN LITHIUM ION BATTERIES, GRAPHITE IS WIDELY ACCEPTED AS THE OPTIMAL MATERIAL FOR ANODES. C CATHODE MATERIALS USED IN THE CATHODE, HOWEVER, VARY FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND CHANGE OVER TIME AS NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DISCOVERED. • LITHIUM IONS MAGNANESE OXIDE USING MANGANESE OXIDE AS THE CATHODE MATERIAL RESULTS IN THE LITHIATED MANGANESE DIOXIDE BATTERY WHICH HAS: HIGHER CAPACITIES THAN OTHER RAPID POWER DISCHARGE: THEY CAN RELEASE MORE HIGH ENERGY DENSITY: HIGH CYCLE LIFE: MORE POWER IN A THEY CAN BE CHARGED AND STATE-OF-THE-ART ENERGY AT ONCE AND BE SMALLER SPACE DISCHARGED MORE TIMES THAN BATTERY MATERIALS. CHARGED FASTER OTHER BATTERIES BEFORE THEY NEED TO BE REPLACED TYPICAL NUMBER OF CYCLES LI-MANGANESE NIMH NI-CD LEADACID 200 400 600 800 1000 LMD MAIN USES LMD BATTERIES' ARE IDEAL FOR APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRE HIGH LEVELS OF POWER ALL AT ONCE: - POWER TOOL USING A NICD BATTERY POWER TOOLS: POWER TOOL USING A LMD BATTERY THE ADVENT OF THE MANGANESE OXIDE CATHODES ALLOWED LITHIUM ION BATTERIES TO BE USED IN POWER TOOLS FOR THE FIRST TIME. IN FACT... ..LMD BATTERIES' SUCCESS IN THIS INDUSTRY PAVED THE WAY FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE SECTOR. SMALL BATTERY SIZE LARGE CARS: LMD BATTERIES ARE NOW USED IN THE CHEVROLET VOLT, THE NISSAN LEAF AND THE HYUNDAI SONATA. ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE SALES: Ford HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES BATTERY POWER TO BOOST EFFICIENCY OF ENGINE GROWTH IN THIS SECTOR WILL BE MAJOR DEMAND 25% BEV 37.2 PLUGIN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVER FOR MANGANESE OXIDES. HEV % 44.8 USES BATTERY POWER OR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF ALL FORD'S AUTO PRODUCTION WILL BE ELECTRIC VEHICLES BY 2020. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES ONLY BATTERY POWER PHEV 18 - CHAIRMAN OF FORD 2020 (proj.) 4 000 000 2004 2010 735 000 157 000 MANGANESE OXIDE DEMAND 608,000 MT (2021) 2015 349,000+ MT (2011) 25% AFTER 2015, DEMAND GROWTH IS EXPECTED TO REFLECT HIGHER MARKET PENETRATION RATES BY ELECTRIC VEHICLES. PERCENTAGE OF MANGANESE OXIDE USE FOR LMD BATTERIES (2021) 2010 2020 CAGR OF 5.3% CAGR OF 6.1% FURTHERMORE, THE TECHNOLOGY STILL HAS VAST POTENTIAL... UNDER DEVELOPMENT 2 MINS ENGINEERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS HAVE WITH THIS TECHNOLOGY, CHARGING BUILT A PROTOTYPE LMD BATTERY THAT CAN YOUR CAR WILL BE PRACTICALLY THE BE RECHARGED TO 90% IN 2 MINUTES SAME USER EXPERIENCE AS FILLING YOUR GAS TANK CHALLENGE: DEVELOPING CAR ELECTRICS THAT CAN WITHSTAND SUCH HIGH AMPERAGE. 01 STANFORD RESEARCHERS HAVE PRODUCED A 国 MANGANESE-BASED BATTERY THAT CAPITALIZES ON THE DIFFERENCE IN SALINITY BETWEEN FRESH AND SALTWATER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. RIVER WATER POWER PLANTS LOCATED AT RIVER MOUTHS COULD GENERATE ELECTRICITY 04 02 85% EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SEA WATER 03 CHALLENGE: ANODES ARE CURRENTLY MADE OF SILVER, AND ARE TOO EXPENSIVE AT THE TIME BEING. THESE TECHNOLOGIES NOT ONLY Li-ion LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES THAT USE HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO FURTHER Battery MANGANESE OXIDE AS A CATHODE MATERIAL ARE SOME OF THE BEST ENERGY 130 mah 3.7y DRIVE MANGANESE DEMAND, BUT CHANGE THE WAY WE LIVE. STORAGE DEVICES KNOWN TO MAN. DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES IS DRIVING UPWARDS THIS IS REVOLUTIONIZING THE MANGANESE OXIDE SECTOR AND AS THE WORLD TRANSITIONS TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES CREATING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ENTIRE MANGANESE SPACE. VISUAL CAPITALIST IS COMMITTED TO PROVIDING INDEPENDENTLY RESEARCHED CONTENT FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. TSX.V: AMY THANKS TO AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. FOR COVERING THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF THIS PROJECT. LEARN MORE AT WW.AMERICANMANGANESEINC.COM AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. VISUAL CAPITALIST EDUCATING A NEW GENERATION OF INVESTORS ON RESOURCE INVESTING VISUAL CAPITALIST AND MANAGMENT www.VISUALCAPITALIST.COM TOP 5 SOURCES: HTTP://WWW.BUCHANSMINERALS.COM/PORTALS/0/PDFS/MANGANESE_MARKET_OUTLOOK_2012_EXECUTIVESUMMARY.PDF HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/EXPLAINING LITHIUM_ION_CHEMISTRIES HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/TYPES_OF_LITHIUM_ION HTTP://WwW.ECONOMIST.COM/NODE/18437910 HTTP://WWW.GPINA.COM/PDF/HIGHPOWER-CAT.PDF FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF SOURCES, PLEASE VISIT: VISUALCAPITALIST.COM/SOURCES CONCLUSION # OF CHARGES VISUAL CAPITALIST M ANGAN E S E POWERING THE NEXT GENERATION OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES 1 TONNE MANGANESE IS THE 4TH MOST TRADED METAL WORLDWIDE, PRIMARILY BECAUSE IT IS INDISPENSABLE STEEL O IN THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL 8KG AND OTHER ALLOYS. MANGANESE 2011 ANNUAL MANGANESE PRODUCTION: 14 000 000 TONNES AVERAGE AMOUNT USED IN STEEL FOR STRENGTH, HARDNESS AND ABRASION RESISTANCE. MANGANESE ORE USE SILICOMANGANESE 38 OTHER ALLOYS ELECTROLYTIC MANGANESE METAL OF ALL MANGANESE PRODUCED IS 0 USED TO MAKE MANGANESE OXIDES, Z70 WHICH HAVE A FAR DIFFERENT END USE - BATTERIES. MANGANESE OXIDES SLAG CARBON FEMN 30 3) MANGANESE OXIDES ARE USED IN TYPES OF BATTERIES ALKALINE BATTERIES: LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL FORECASTED BELOW GDP GROWTH 3 DISPOSABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES Li-ion LOW GROWTH POTENTIAL Battery 130 A 3,7 WARNING FORECASTED AT HISTORICAL RATE OF 4% 2= RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERIES HIGH GROWTH POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES ALONE IS MAKING MANGANESE 0XIDES AS A WHOLE THE FASTEST GROWING MANGANESE SECTOR. ..... THE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM ION BATTERY ELECTRONS CURRENT A ELECTROLYTE LITHIUM SALT IN ORGANIC SOLVENT A R ANODE: GRAPHITE IN LITHIUM ION BATTERIES, GRAPHITE IS WIDELY ACCEPTED AS THE OPTIMAL MATERIAL FOR ANODES. C CATHODE MATERIALS USED IN THE CATHODE, HOWEVER, VARY FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND CHANGE OVER TIME AS NEW TECHNOLOGY IS DISCOVERED. • LITHIUM IONS MAGNANESE OXIDE USING MANGANESE OXIDE AS THE CATHODE MATERIAL RESULTS IN THE LITHIATED MANGANESE DIOXIDE BATTERY WHICH HAS: HIGHER CAPACITIES THAN OTHER RAPID POWER DISCHARGE: THEY CAN RELEASE MORE HIGH ENERGY DENSITY: HIGH CYCLE LIFE: MORE POWER IN A THEY CAN BE CHARGED AND STATE-OF-THE-ART ENERGY AT ONCE AND BE SMALLER SPACE DISCHARGED MORE TIMES THAN BATTERY MATERIALS. CHARGED FASTER OTHER BATTERIES BEFORE THEY NEED TO BE REPLACED TYPICAL NUMBER OF CYCLES LI-MANGANESE NIMH NI-CD LEADACID 200 400 600 800 1000 LMD MAIN USES LMD BATTERIES' ARE IDEAL FOR APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRE HIGH LEVELS OF POWER ALL AT ONCE: - POWER TOOL USING A NICD BATTERY POWER TOOLS: POWER TOOL USING A LMD BATTERY THE ADVENT OF THE MANGANESE OXIDE CATHODES ALLOWED LITHIUM ION BATTERIES TO BE USED IN POWER TOOLS FOR THE FIRST TIME. IN FACT... ..LMD BATTERIES' SUCCESS IN THIS INDUSTRY PAVED THE WAY FOR ENTRANCE INTO THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE SECTOR. SMALL BATTERY SIZE LARGE CARS: LMD BATTERIES ARE NOW USED IN THE CHEVROLET VOLT, THE NISSAN LEAF AND THE HYUNDAI SONATA. ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE SALES: Ford HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES BATTERY POWER TO BOOST EFFICIENCY OF ENGINE GROWTH IN THIS SECTOR WILL BE MAJOR DEMAND 25% BEV 37.2 PLUGIN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVER FOR MANGANESE OXIDES. HEV % 44.8 USES BATTERY POWER OR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF ALL FORD'S AUTO PRODUCTION WILL BE ELECTRIC VEHICLES BY 2020. BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE USES ONLY BATTERY POWER PHEV 18 - CHAIRMAN OF FORD 2020 (proj.) 4 000 000 2004 2010 735 000 157 000 MANGANESE OXIDE DEMAND 608,000 MT (2021) 2015 349,000+ MT (2011) 25% AFTER 2015, DEMAND GROWTH IS EXPECTED TO REFLECT HIGHER MARKET PENETRATION RATES BY ELECTRIC VEHICLES. PERCENTAGE OF MANGANESE OXIDE USE FOR LMD BATTERIES (2021) 2010 2020 CAGR OF 5.3% CAGR OF 6.1% FURTHERMORE, THE TECHNOLOGY STILL HAS VAST POTENTIAL... UNDER DEVELOPMENT 2 MINS ENGINEERS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS HAVE WITH THIS TECHNOLOGY, CHARGING BUILT A PROTOTYPE LMD BATTERY THAT CAN YOUR CAR WILL BE PRACTICALLY THE BE RECHARGED TO 90% IN 2 MINUTES SAME USER EXPERIENCE AS FILLING YOUR GAS TANK CHALLENGE: DEVELOPING CAR ELECTRICS THAT CAN WITHSTAND SUCH HIGH AMPERAGE. 01 STANFORD RESEARCHERS HAVE PRODUCED A 国 MANGANESE-BASED BATTERY THAT CAPITALIZES ON THE DIFFERENCE IN SALINITY BETWEEN FRESH AND SALTWATER TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. RIVER WATER POWER PLANTS LOCATED AT RIVER MOUTHS COULD GENERATE ELECTRICITY 04 02 85% EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SEA WATER 03 CHALLENGE: ANODES ARE CURRENTLY MADE OF SILVER, AND ARE TOO EXPENSIVE AT THE TIME BEING. THESE TECHNOLOGIES NOT ONLY Li-ion LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES THAT USE HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO FURTHER Battery MANGANESE OXIDE AS A CATHODE MATERIAL ARE SOME OF THE BEST ENERGY 130 mah 3.7y DRIVE MANGANESE DEMAND, BUT CHANGE THE WAY WE LIVE. STORAGE DEVICES KNOWN TO MAN. DEMAND FOR THESE BATTERIES IS DRIVING UPWARDS THIS IS REVOLUTIONIZING THE MANGANESE OXIDE SECTOR AND AS THE WORLD TRANSITIONS TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES CREATING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ENTIRE MANGANESE SPACE. VISUAL CAPITALIST IS COMMITTED TO PROVIDING INDEPENDENTLY RESEARCHED CONTENT FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. TSX.V: AMY THANKS TO AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. FOR COVERING THE PRODUCTION COSTS OF THIS PROJECT. LEARN MORE AT WW.AMERICANMANGANESEINC.COM AMERICAN MANGANESE INC. VISUAL CAPITALIST EDUCATING A NEW GENERATION OF INVESTORS ON RESOURCE INVESTING VISUAL CAPITALIST AND MANAGMENT www.VISUALCAPITALIST.COM TOP 5 SOURCES: HTTP://WWW.BUCHANSMINERALS.COM/PORTALS/0/PDFS/MANGANESE_MARKET_OUTLOOK_2012_EXECUTIVESUMMARY.PDF HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/EXPLAINING LITHIUM_ION_CHEMISTRIES HTTP://BATTERYUNIVERSITY.COM/LEARN/ARTICLE/TYPES_OF_LITHIUM_ION HTTP://WwW.ECONOMIST.COM/NODE/18437910 HTTP://WWW.GPINA.COM/PDF/HIGHPOWER-CAT.PDF FOR A COMPLETE LIST OF SOURCES, PLEASE VISIT: VISUALCAPITALIST.COM/SOURCES CONCLUSION # OF CHARGES