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The Keystone XL Pipeline: A Crash Course

AN EXCLUSIVE INFOGRAPHIC VISUALCAPITALIST THE X IKEYSTONE PIPELINE A CRASH COURSE OUR STORY BEGINS HERE, IN ALBERTA CANADA FORT MCMURRAY WHERE THE OIL SANDS HAVE NEARLY 2 TRILLION EDMONTON BARRELS OF OIL IN PLACE OIL SANDS PRODUCTION OTHER OIL PRODUCTION CALGARY 2005 2011 2020 AND PRODUCTION IS EXPECTED TO DOUBLE BY 2020. BECAUSE ALBERTA HAS LIMITED REFINERIES AND IS LANDLOCKED 99% OF EXPORTS END UP IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST. CANADA ..---.... AN UNPRECEDENTED BOTTLENECK OF OIL IN CUSHING, OKLAHOMA MEANS THAT CANADIAN CRUDE SELLS AT A: $30 WTI (WEST TEXAS INTERMEDIATE) PRÍCE DISCOUNT THAT IS A SITUATION CANADIAN OIL PRODUCERS WOULD LIKE TO REMEDY CANADA'S GOALS TO ACHIEVE THESE GOALS, CANADA IS EXPLORING TO GET OIL SUPPLY TO THE MARKET THE FOLLOWING TO GET BEST POSSIBLE PRICE THREE TO LIMIT MARKET RISKS OPTIONS TO LIMIT ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT 1. SHIP šw-3 W-3 TO THE PACIFIC COAST AND EXPORT TO ASIA FOR REFINING. 2 REFINE CHALLENGES: INCREASE IN TANKER TRAFFIC AND THE OIL IN ALBERTA. INCREASED LIKELIHOOD OF A SPILL CROSSES ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE CHALLENGES: AREAS AND FIRST NATIONS LAND DEPENDS ON LONG-TERM OPTIONS: ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PICTURE 1ENBRIDGE'S NORTHERN GATEWAY POSES SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FOR ALBERTA/CANADA 2 KINDER MORGAN'S TRANS MOUNTAIN BC ALBERTA HAS NO COASTLINE, WHICH MEANS ITS DIFFICULT AND COSTLY TO TRANSPORT OIL PRODUCTS TO CUSTOMERS SIGNIFICANT CAPITAL COST KITIMAT ONE ESTIMATE: $100B OVER 20 YEARS VANCOUVER 3 KEYSTONE XL PIPELINE A THIRD SOLUTION IS TO PIPE THE OIL TO THE GULF COAST WHERE THERE IS EXCESS CAPACITY AND THE FACILITIES ARE ALREADY IN PLACE TO PROCESS HEAVY OIL. PROPOSED BY POTENTIAL CAPACITY 1,290,000 BARRELS PER DAY TransCanada IT WOULD TAKE A LOT OF TRUCKS TO MOVE THAT MUCH OIL In business to deliver THERE ARE FOUR PHASES TO THE PIPELINE KEYSTONE KEYSTONE XL PHASE ONE PHASE TWO PHASE THREE PHASE FOUR COMPLETED 201O COMPLETED 2011 COMPLETION TARGET 2013 COMPLETION TARGET 2013 ALBERTA PHASE ONE 435,000 BARRELS PER DAY (BPD) HARDISTY HARDISTY, ALBERTA TO STEELE CITY, NEBRASKA TO WOOD RIVER AND PETOKA, ILLINOIS 3,456 KMS WYOMING MINNESOTA PHASE FOUR 700,000 BPD POTENTIALLY 83OK/DAY HARDISTY, ALBERTA TO STEELE CITY, NEBRASKA (ROUTE UNDETERMINED) IOWA NEBRASKA ILLINOIS STEELE CITY KANSAS PHASE TWO 591,000 BPD STEELE CITY, NEBRASKA TO CUSHING, OKLAHOMA 168 KMS THE CUSHING USHNG BOTTLENECK "CUSHING MARKETLINK" PHASE THREE 700.000 BPD POTENTIALLY 83OK/ DAY CUSHING, OKLAHOMA IS HOME TO THE WORLD'S LARGEST OIL STORAGE FACILITY. CUSHING, OKLAHOMA TO HOUSTON AND PORT ARTHUR, TEXAS THE PROPOSED CUSHING MARKETLINK PIPELINE (SEE RIGHT) WOULD CONNECT CANADIAN CRUDE TO PORT ARTHUR, TEXAS, FOR REFINING. LOUISIANA BY ELIMINATING THE $30 DISCOUNT, CANADA WOULD GAIN AN ESTIMATED MISSISSIPPI $131 BILLION GDP INCREASE FROM 2016 TO 2030. PORT ARTHUR THE GULF COAST TEXAS HOUSTON HERE, CANADIAN OIL COULD CHILE 124,00O BPD GAIN ACCESS TO WORLD MARKETS. MORE THAN 25% OF GULF COAST CAPACITY IS DEDICATED TO EXPORT. BRAZIL 160,000 BPD PORT ARTHUR NETHERLANDS 249,000 BPD MEXICO 569,000 BPD KEYSTONE XL TERMINUS MAJOR DEEP-WATER SHIPPING PORT AT THE REFINERIES, CRUDE OIL IS CONVERTED INTO FUEL AND HOME TO FOUR LARGE REFINERIES OTHER USEFUL PRODUCTS 32,304 PRODUCTION IN THE TEXAS DISTILLATE FUEL OIL (DIESEL) TOTAL ExonMobil GULF COAST 365,000 IN THOUSANDS OF BARRELS 174,000 38% 14,256 FINISHED MOTOR GASOLINE 86,130,000 BARRELS (FEB 2012) 17% *ALERO 9,411 KEROSENE-TYPE JET FUEL MOTIVA 12% 30,159 RESIDUAL FUEL OIL PETROLEUM COKE MISC, PRODUCTS LUBRICANTS ASPHALT WAXES 310,000 275,000: TEXAS ACCOUNTS FOR 1/4 OF U.S. OIL PROCESSING CAPACITY EXPANDING TO 37% 600,000 ISSUES SURROUNDING THE KEYSTONE XL PROJECT GOVERNMENT APPROVAL JANUARY 18TH, 2012 THE US STATE DEPARTMENT REJECTED TRANSCANADA'S KEYSTONE XL APPLICATION, CITING POLITICAL REASONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS. PHASE FOUR OF KEYSTONE XL CROSSES THE US/CANADA BORDER, SO TRANSCANADA REQUIRES A PRESIDENTIAL PERMIT TO CONSTRUCT THE PIPELINE. MAY 4TH, 2012 TRANSCANADA REAPPLIED FOR A PRESIDENTIAL PERMIT FOR PHASE 4 OF KEYSTONE XL. THIS AQUIFER IS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF GROUNDWATER FOR 20% OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE US OGALLALA AQUIFER KEYSTONĘ XL PHASE FOUR OF THE KEYSTONE PIPELINE RUNS DIRECTLY THROUGH THE OGALLALA AQUIFER OGALLALA AQUIFER TRANSCANADA IS WORKING WITH THE PIPELINE LEAKS NEBRASKA GOVERNMENT TO DESIGN A NEW ROUTE AROUND ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS, BUT LEAKS ARE STILL A SIGNIFICANT ISSUE. US PIPELINE SPILLS AND EXPLOSIONS (2010) 22 PEOPLE DEAD $1 BILLION WORTH OF DAMAGE ECONOMIC THE KEYSTONE PIPELINE WOULD INJECT BILLIONS STIMULUS INTO THE US ECONOMY AND CREATE THOUSANDS OF TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT JOBS. WHAT'S AT STAKE FOR THE UNITED STATES? THE US STATE DEPARTMENT WILL WEIGH THE FOLLOWING: RISKS BENEFITS ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ECONOMIC STIMULUS POTENTIAL PIPELINE LEAKS ENERGY SECURITY INCREASE OF OIL PRICES IN THE MIDWEST JOB CREATION IF THE STATE DEPARTMENT FINDS THE KEYSTONE XL PROJECT IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE UNITED STATES, IT WILL APPROVE THE PROJECT. NOW YOU'VE READ THE CRASH COURSE ON THE KEYSTONE XL PIPELINE, LET'S TALK ABOUT IT. WHAT DO YOU THINK? TWO-WAY, OPEN COMMUNICATION IS VITAL FOR ALL PARTIES MOVING FORWARD. JOIN THE DISCUSSION ON TWITTER BY USING THE HASHTAG: www.facebook.com/visualcapitalist www.twitter.com/visualcap #VCOIL Visual Capitalist is committed to providing independent and non-biased content for educational purposes. Visual Capitalist received no direct funding from third-party companies or organizations to produce this infographic. VISUAL CAPITALIST Educating a new generation of investors on resource investing and managment VISUALCAPITALIST www.visualcapitalist.com PRODUCTION BARRELS PER DAY 00000 ooooo

The Keystone XL Pipeline: A Crash Course

shared by visualcap on May 15
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Canadian Oil Sands production is set to double by 2020, and new markets must be found for this oil. Because Alberta is landlocked and has limited refining capacity, currently 99% of Oil Sands exports ...

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