Inclusive and Sustainable Transport

INCLUSIVE & SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT How do you provide access to jobs, markets, hospitals, and schools without creating more congestion, air pollution, traffic accidents, and greenhouse gas emissions? PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN. TRANSPORT CONTRIBUTES 5-10% OF GDP IN MOST COUNTRIES BETTER ACCESS TO ROADS AND SANITATION REDUCES INCOME INEQUALITY INCLUSIVE GROWTH POVERTY SUSTAINABLE REDUCTION DEVELOPMENT SOURCE FOR LOCAL JOBS. SUSTAINED EMPLOYMENT. IN BANGLADESH, SOME 4 MILLION PEOPLE EARN THEIR LIVING FERRYING FOOD & PASSENGERS ALONG THE COUNTRY'S WATERWAYS. 85% OF RURAL ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS FOR A PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA WERE SPENT ON SALARIES OF ETHNIC WOMEN'S GROUPS. A TRANSPORT SECTOR CHALLENGES A RAPID MOTORIZATION AND URBANIZATION HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO INCREASED CONGESTION, AIR POLLUTION, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, HEALTH & SOCIAL PROBLEMS, AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. ROAD CONGESTION COSTS ASIAN ECONOMIES 2-5% OF GDP EACH YEAR DUE TO LOST TIME & HIGHER TRANSPORT COSTS. RISING INCOMES ARE DOUBLING MOTOR VEHICLE FLEETS EVERY 5-7 YEARS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES. THE TRANSPORT SECTOR CURRENTLY ACCOUNTS FOR 23% OF GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS. 9% 17% 46% ASIA'S SHARE OF THE GLOBAL VEHICLE FLEET 80% INCREASE 50% INCREASE 1980 2005 2030 2030 2050 %23 531,000 PREMATURE DEATHS ARE ESTIMATED ANNUALLY RESULTING FROM AIR POLLUTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. NEARLY 2,000 PEOPLE ARE KILLED EACH DAY DUÉ TO TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN ASIA. TRANSPORT IN DEVELOPING ASIA NEEDS MASSIVE INVESTMENTS, REQUIRING SOME $2.5 TRILLION OVER THE 2010-2020 PERIOD. INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS COUNTRIES AND CITIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED HOW EFFICIENT, SAFE, AFFORDABLE AND ENVIROMENT-FRIENDLY TRANSPORT SYSTEMS CAN BE DEVELOPED THROUGH A COMBINATION OF THREE STRATEGIES. AVOIDING THE NEED FOR UNNECESSARY TRAVEL SHIFTING TOWARDS MORE SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT MODES IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF ALL MODES NATURAL GAS BICYCLES PROVIDE A HEALTHY, LOW-COST ALTERNATIVE TO THE CAR. NATURAL GAS VEHICLES TYPICALLY REDUCE POLLUTANTS BY 60-90% COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL GASOLINE VEHICLES. INTEGRATING LAND USE & TRANSPORT PLANNING, AND MAKING SURE CITIES ARE DEVELOPED IN A TRANSIT-ORIENTED MANNER. CITIES ACROSS THE WORLD ARE ADOPTING CLEAN AND EFFICIENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS - INCLUDING BUS RAPID TRANSIT AND URBAN RAIL. CITIES IN EUROPE AND ASIA ARE TYPICALLY MORE ENERGY-EFFICIENT ECODRIVING CAN DECREASE CO2 EMISSIONS PER UNIT OF TRAVEL BY AROUND 10%. COMPARED TO NORTH AMERICAN CITIES. USING INLAND WATERWAYS AND RAILWAYS FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORT. WEARING A MOTORCYCLE HELMET REDUCE HOUSEHOLDS IN TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENTS IN THE U.S.A. DEATH RISK BY ALMOST 40% AND SEVERE INJURY RISK BY 70%. DRIVE 45% LESS COMPARED TO RESIDENTS OF AUTOMOBILE-DEPENDENT NEIGHBORHOODS. WEARING A SEAT BELT REDUCES FATALITY RISK AMONG FRONT SEAT PASSENGERS BY 40-50%. SOURCES • T. R. Lakshmanan. (2009). The Wider Economic Benefits of Transportation: An Overview J. Rodrigue, C. Comtois, B. Slack. (2009). The Geography of Transport Systems • ADB and ADBI. (2009). Infrastructure for a Seamless Asia • C. Palmer. (2003). Waterways and Livelihoods • ADB. (2011). Empowering Women through Rural Infrastructure • ADB. Urban Transport; ADB. (2008). Managing Asian Cities; ADB. (2005). Arrive Alive: ASEAN Regional Road Safety and Action Plan (2005-2010) • IEA. (2011). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion • World Health Organization • WHO. (2009). Road Safety in the Western Pacific Region: Call for Action Victoria Transport Create More Acessible and Livable Neighborhoods • Worldwatch Institute. (2007). Bicycle Production Reaches 130 Million Units • ADB. (2011). Changing Course in Urban Transport: An Illustrated Guide • M. Rood Werpy, et. al. (2010). Natural Gas Vehicles: Status, Barriers, and Opportunities • Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc. (2011). 2011 Report on Environmental Protection Efforts: Promoting Sustainability in Road Transport in Japan • WHO. (2009). Global Status Report on Road Safety Policy Institute. (2012). Transit-Oriented Development: Using Public Transit to ADB Asian Development Bank FIGHTING POVERTY IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC wwW.ADB.ORG