A History Outline of Typeface

A HISTORIC OUTLINE OF TYPEFACE DESIGN Technological developments I Historic styles A Stylistic classifications, date of first appearance in print 990 Outstanding type designers and their contribution to typography 1 Bi Sheng 990– 1051 Chinese, first clay movable type system for printing in 1040 1040s Movable ceramic type in China 2 Yun-ui Choe Korean, first metal movable type system for printing in 1234 O 1230s Movable metal type in Korea O 1377 First book printed with movable metal type in Korea B Seok-chan and Daljam Korean, Jikji first book printed with movable metal type in 1377 4 Johannes Gensfleisch von Gutenberg c. 1394 – 1468 German, first book printed with movable type in Europe in 1450 1400 1400 – 1600 Renaissance 5 Nicolas Jenson 1420 – 1480 French, punch cutter and printer working in Venice ● 1454 Moveable type and letterpress in Europe 6 Aldus Manutius 1450 – 1515 Italian, founded the Aldine Press in Venice 1450 Black Letter (Textura) 7 Francesco Griffo 1450 - 1518 Italian, cut the first italic type for the Aldine Press O 1460s Block-book printing 8 Geoffroy Tory 1480 – 1533 French, became official printer to King Francis I, first to print text in French 9 Claude Garamond 1480 – 1561 French, punch cutter various old style typefaces O 1500s Etching 1500- I 1500 – 1600 Mannerist 10 Robert Granjon 1513- 1579 French, punch cutter Ascendonica, Civilité 1 Christophe Plantin 1514 - 1589 Dutch, publisher and printer, printed Biblia Regia 1530s old Style 12 Jean Jannon 1580 – 1658 Swiss/French, designed first Baroque typeface Early Baroque Roman 1600- I 1600 – 1700 Baroque 13 Miklós Nicholas Tótfalusi Kis 1650 - 1702 Hungarian, printer of polyglot bibles Janson 14 Philippe Grandjean 1666 - 1714 French, engraver and punch cutter Romain du Roi 15 William Caslon 1692 - 1766 English, gunsmith and designer of typefaces Caslon I 1700 – 1800 Neoclassical 1700 1700 - 1900 Romantic 16 John Baskerville 1706 - 1775 English, printer and typographer Baskerville 7 Pierre-Simon Fournier le Jeune 1712 - 1768 French, punch-cutter, type founder and typographic theoretician, standardized type sizes 1750s Transitional 18 Gianbatista Bodoni 1740– 1813 Italian, engraver, publisher, printer and typographer Bodoni 19 Firmin Didot 1764 – 1836 French, printer, engraver, and type founder, established point system of measures Didot 1784 Modern 20 Vincent Figgins 1766 – 1844 English, designed the first slab serif Figgins Antique O 1796 Lithography 1800 I 1800 – 1900 Realist 1815 Slab Serifed 1816 Sans Serif O 1843 Rotary press 21 William Morris 1834 - 1896 English, founded the Kelmscott Press Golden Type, Troy Type O 1822 Photography 22 Frederic Goudy 1865- 1942 American, type designer Copperplate Gothic, Kennerley, Goudy Old Style 23 Bruce Rogers 1870 – 1957 American, typographer and type designer Montaigne, Centaur ● 1875 Offset lithography 24 Morris Fuller Benton 1872 – 1948 American, typeface designer Century, Franklin Gothic, Souvenir Stymie O 1880 Halftone process 25 Rudolf Koch 1876- 1934 German, calligrapher, typographic artist and teacher Neuland, Kabel 1886 Linotype typesetting machine 28 26 Paul Renner 1878 – 1956 German, type designer Futura O 1887 Monotype typesetting machine 27 William A. Dwiggins 1880 - 1956 American, type designer, calligrapher, book designer Electra, Caledonia 1900 1 1900 – 2000 Geometric Modernist Lyrical Modernist Post Modernist O 1906 Ludlow display typesetter 28 Eric Gill 1882- 1940 English, sculptor, typeface designer, stonecutter, printmaker Gill Sans, Perpetua, Joanna 22 Stanley Morison 1889 – 1967 English, designer, type consultant Times New Roman (with Victor Lardent) 30 Georg Trump 1896 – 1985 German, type designer, teacher Trump Mediaeval 31 Jan Tschichold 1902 – 1974 German, typographer, book designer, teacher, writer Die neue Typographie ● 1950s Phototypesetting 32 Max Miedinger 1919- 1980 Swiss, type designer, typographer Neue Haas Grotesk - Helvetica O 1969 Laser printing 33 Hermann Zapf 1918 – German, typeface designer Palatino, Optima O 1970 Dot matrix printer • 1970s Digital typesetting 34 Adrian Frutiger 1928- French, type designer Univers, Frutiger, Avenir O 1976 Inkjet printing BS Matthew Carter 1937 - English, type designer Bell Centennial, Yale, numerous screen fonts O 1982 Postscript programming language 36 Sumner Stone 1945- O 1984 Macintosh American, typeface designer, graphic artist Stone, Stone sans, Stone informal ● 1985 Desktop publishing 7 Carol Twombly 1959- American, calligrapher and typeface designer Lithos, Myriad, Trajan 38 Suzanna Licko 1961- 1993 Digital press Czech-American, co-founder of Emigré magazine Matrix, Mrs. Eaves O 1993 World Wide Web browser 39 Jonathan Hoefler 1970- American, typeface designer founded Hoefler & Frere-Jones Hoefler Text, Archer, Gotham 2000 Resources Lee, Gino. From Metal to Pixel: A Short History of Type. Information Technology Quarterly. • Winter 1991 – 92, volume X, number 2, page 6. Harvard University. • Livingston. Graphic Design+Designers. Thames & Hudson. London. 1992. • Meggs, Phillip. A History of Graphic Design. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1983. • Bringhurst, Robert. The Elements of Typographic Style. Hartley & Marks. Vancouver, BC. 1992. Craig, James. Production for the Graphic Designer. Watson-Guptill Publications. New York. 1990. • Carter, Rob et al Typographic Design: Form and Communication John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, N.J. 2002