History of Native American Casinos

» NATIVE CASINOS« The Gaming Legacy of America's Colonisation Why did the Native population turn to Gaming? What began the Indian casino revolution? The success of Indian casinos began in 1970 with a court case in Minnesota, The government tried to tax a Chippewa couple. but the Supreme Court intervened saying. "not only do states not have authority to tax Indians on Indian reservations, but they also lack the authority to regulate Indian activities by Indians on reservations," 1970 First ever Native Gaming institution was founded in 1979 when the Seminole Tribe of Florida built a large high-stakes bingo building on their reservation near Fort Lauderdale. They were arrested. but won the case because of the law protecting their freedom from federal government. 1979 Indian Natives began to provide prizes over their maximum state limits. This gave them competitive advantage over commercial casinos. 1980-1988 The Indian Regulatory Gaming Act was 1988-2006 signed by Reagan in 1988. This protects native casinos while regulating them against organised crime. Revenue skyrocketed from s100 million in 1988 to $16.7 billion in 2006. Locations of Trihal Casinos • Indian Gaming operates in 30 states. 612.000 jobs direct and in-direct. Alaska 7 Total of 474 gambling operations run by 240 tribes Washington 27 Montana 36 North Dakota Minnesota 21 Wisconsin Oregon 10 Idaho South Dakota 11 Ny York / 10 Confretieut 26 Michgan V 16 Wyoming Nebriska Pennsylvan 4 Nevada Colorado California 61 Kangas 4 Arizona North Carelina 3 Oklahoma / 97 / 22 New Mexico Alabama Mississippi 4 18 Loulsiana Texas Florida Gambling in the USA generates nearly $240 billion in annual economic output. US casinos, which include 510 commercial casinos and 474 tribal casinos in 39 states, produce nearly $81 billion in annual revenues, Indian casino revenue generates $28 billion, 38% of which comes from two states - California and Oklahoma, where commercial casinos are not allowed. Tax differences hetween trihal and commercial casinos REVENUES TAXES BN 40 35 $28BM 30 $24M 25 20 15 Trihal Casinos Commercial Casinos Commercial casinos pay nearly $24 billion in taxes (64% of income). while Indian casinos pay just $9 billion (32% of income) in both taxes and revenue sharing deals. Here are the annual revenues of tribal casinos in the top five states. Indian reservation gambling generates more income than commercial casinos in Atlantic City and Las Vegas combined ($ 8.2bn). S BILLION California » $7.0 Oklahoma » $3.8 Florida » $2.3 Washington » $2.3 Arizona » $1.8 The National Indian Gaming Commission breaks the USA into eight specific regions for its casinos. These maps compare and contrast native revenue to commercial revenue in these regions. Tribal Casinos Commercial Casinos TOTAL NAVENUE Reston TOTAL MAESUE S hel een A29 30 7.0 10.9 Commial Sars A22 Á 27 A 19 6.8 74 How are trihal casinos helping native communities? 1. Funding tribal government operations/programmes: 2. Promoting tribal economic development: 3. Donating to charitable organizations: 4. Helping fund operations of local government agencies; 5. Providing for the general welfare of their members.