Historic Shipwrecks of the Gulf of Mexico

98° 97° 96° 95° 94° 93° 92° 91° 90° 890 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 830 820 81° 80° 79° 78° 77° Preserving the Past Under Water Protecting Historic Shipwrecks Histonic Shipwrecks of the Gulf of Mexjco The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is the agency of the 330 U.S. Government that oversees exploration and drilling for oil and gas in Federal waters off the coast of the United States. There are many laws passed by Congress that MMS must follow to ensure that this is done in a way that is both environment. 32° National Historic Preservation Act, which says that Government agencies like MMS must take steps to protect places that are important in American history. Shipwrecks are like time capsules, preserving a record of what life was like in the past. People who study historic ship 330 wrecks called archaeologists. Marine are marine archaeologists at MMS work with other archaeologists and historians to determine where shipwrecks are likely to be found by studying historic documents and maps. Unfortunately, historic records rarely give a very precise location of an old 32° shipwreck. Using these records. MMS has identified certain areas in the Gulf that are most likely to contain shipwrecks. Oil and safe for people and protects the One of these laws is the In the Federal waters off the 31° United States, most of companies to are avoid 31° impacting potential shipwrecks in these bef ore these historic shipwrecks. sites areas SUNKEN VESSEL 300 300 Finding Shipwrecks MAGNETIC ANOMALY 290 When MMS tells the oil and gas companies they must conduct surveys to ensure that they avoid harming potential shipwrecks in an area they want to develop, they use sophisticated electronic instruments towed fromn a ship to tell them what is buried in the seafloor. These instruments include a magnetometer that detects iron (like cannons or anchors), a sidescan sonar that uses sound waves to make a picture of the seafloor, and a subbottom profiler that shows the layers in the soil beneath the seafloor. Other instruments used for deepwater surveys include an autono mous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The data collected by these instruments are studied by marine archaeologists looking for clues that a shipwreck might lie hidden under the sea. Shipwrecks 28° 280 Colonial Shipwrecks Stoam Cheet Port Paddlo Whool The only U.S. warship sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by the Con federacy during the Civil War was the U.S.S. Hatteras. Assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron January 1862. captured blockade runners before she was sunk by the C.S.S. Alabama on January 11, 1863, off the coast of Texas. Today the vessel rests in 58 feet of water about 20 miles from Galveston. Her 210-f oot long iron hull is completely buried under about three feet of sand. walkingbeam steam engine and her two iron paddlewheels remain exposed above the seafloor. MAX Arpump - Main Engine ylindor 270 270 The Spanish explorer Alverez de Pineda was the first European to sail along what is now the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1519. Spanish treasure ships regularly sailed through the Gulf transporting gold and silver from Mexico back to Spain. Three of these ships from the 1554 fleet, the Santa Maria de Yciar, the Espiritu Santo, and the San Estebán, wrecked on Padre Island off South Texas. By the end of the 1600s French explor ers and colonists were active in the area that is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. When the Spanish regained control of became more active along the Gulf Coast. Several shipwrecks from this period are documented in the MMS Shipwreck Database and most have not yet been found. Starboard Paddlo Whool U.S.S. HATTERAS 41 GV 68 the Hatteras Confederate in seven 26° 26° lisiana in 1762, Spanish naval and merchant traffic Only the remains of her 500-horsepower 25° 250° During the years 1942 and 1943, a fleet of over 20 German sub marines, known as U-boats, cruised the Gulf seeking to stop the vital flow of oil carried by tankers from ports in Texas and Louisiana. They 56 A careless word... World War II Shipwrecks 240 240 succeeded vessels to the bottom. result sending As a in remote-sensing surveys required of the oil and gas industry by MMS. of Early 20th Century Shipwrecks 19th Century 230 230 Shipwrecks ...A NEEDLESS SINKING several U-boat casualties, such as the passenger ship Robert E. have been discovered on the seafloor. In addition. the only German U-boat lost in the Gulf during the war. the U-166, was discovered in 5,000 feet of Lee, 220 220 water during a pipeline survey. Paddlewheel Stern Walking Beam The 19th century saw the change in shipbuilding technology from the Age of Sail to the Age of Steam. Examples of both types of ship wrecks have been discovered in the Gulf 21° Boilers 210 Stern Bow Paddlewheel Bow Stack of Mexico through oil 19th century The earliest example of a wooden-hulled sailing ship in the Gulf was found in 2001. This is a small copper-sheathed vessel that was found in 2,650 feet of water near the mouth of the Mississippi River during pipeline construction. were introduced in the Gulf in the 1830s. The wrecks of two steamships, the New York (1846) and the Josephine (1881), have been studied by marine archaeologists from MMS. company surveys. 200 200f For thousands of years ships had been built of wood and powered by sails. In the 19th and early 20th century. hulls of wood began to be replaced by hulls of iron and steel. and sails gradually gave way to steam. steam yacht Anona, built in 1904 for a wealthy Detroit industrialist, represented the height of the shipbuilder's art for her time and even boasted electric lights. The wreck of the Anona lies in over 4,000 feet of water off the coast of Mississippi. The Steamships MMS THE THE ENTE TOF 190 190 RTENT IMENT U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service MARCH 2. 184 For copies of this poster call 1-800-200-GULF Internet Site: www.MMS.GOV MMS Poster images have been provided by the following: Colonial Shipwrecks painting courtesy of William Trotter; Finding Shipwrecks AUV photo courtesy of C&C Technologies, Inc.; Finding Shipwrecks sonar image of Alcoa Puritan courtesy of BP; Civil War Shipwrecks image of Hatteras and Alabama courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; 19th Century Shipwrecks photo of Josephine courtesy of The Mariner's Museum; World War II Shipwrecks Careless Word poster courtesy of Northwestern Uni- versity Library World War II Posters Collection; World War II Shipwrecks photo of U-166 courtesy of the P.A.S.T. Foundation; World War II Shipwrecks photo of David McKelvy courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks sonar image of Anona courtesy of BP; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks photo of Anona courtesy Historical Collections of the Great Lakes, Bowling Green University. All other images belong to the Minerals Management Service. 180 180 2006-007P 98° 97° 96° 95° 940 930 92° 91° 90° 89° 880 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 820 81° 80° 790° 780 770 98° 97° 96° 95° 94° 93° 92° 91° 90° 890 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 830 Preserving the Past Under Water 820 81° 80° Histonic Shipwrecks of the Gulf of Mexjco 79° 78° 77° Protecting Historic Shipwrecks The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is the agency of the 330 U.S. Government that oversees exploration and drilling for oil and gas in Federal waters off the coast of the United States. There are many laws passed by Congress that MMS must follow to ensure that this is done in a way that is both environment. 32° National Historic Preservation Act, which says that Government agencies like MMS must take steps to protect places that are important in American history. Shipwrecks are like time capsules, preserving a record of what life was like in the past. People who study historic ship 330 wrecks called archaeologists. are marine Marine archaeologists at MMS work with other archaeologists and historians to determine where shipwrecks are likely to be found by studying historic documents and maps. Unfortunately, historic records rarely give a very precise location of an old 32° shipwreck. Using these records. MMS has identified certain areas in the Gulf that are most likely to contain shipwrecks. Oil and safe for people and protects the One of these laws is the In the Federal waters off the 31° United States, most of these historic shipwrecks. companies to impacting potential shipwrecks in these sites are avoid 31° bef ore 300 SUNKEN VESSEL 300 Finding Shipwrecks MAGNETIC ANOMALY 290 When MMS tells the oil and gas companies they must conduct surveys to ensure that they avoid harming potential shipwrecks in an area they want to develop, they use sophisticated electronic instruments towed fromn a ship to tell them what is buried in the seafloor. These instruments include a magnetometer that detects iron (like cannons or anchors), a sidescan sonar that uses sound waves to make a picture of the seafloor, and a subbottom profiler that shows the layers in the soil beneath the seafloor. Other instruments used for deepwater surveys include an autono mous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The data collected by these instruments are studied by marine archaeologists looking for clues that a shipwreck might lie hidden under the sea. 28° Colonial Shipwrecks 280 Shipwrecks Stoam Cheet 270 MAX Port Paddlo Whool The Spanish explorer Alverez de Pineda was the first European to sail along what is now the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1519. Spanish treasure ships regularly sailed through the Gulf transporting gold and silver from Mexico back to Spain. Three of these ships from the 1554 fleet, the Santa Maria de Yciar, the Espiritu Santo, and the San Estebán, wrecked on Padre Island off South Texas. By the end of the 1600s French explor ers and colonists were active in the area that is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. When the Spanish regained control of became more active along the Gulf Coast. Several shipwrecks from this period are documented in the MMS Shipwreck Database and most have not yet been found. The only U.S. warship sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by the Con federacy during the Civil War was the U.S.S. Hatteras. Assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron January 1862. captured blockade runners before she was sunk by the C.S.S. Alabama on January 11, 1863, off the coast of Texas. Today the vessel rests in 58 feet of water about 20 miles from Galveston. Her 210-f oot long iron hull is completely buried under about three feet of sand. walkingbeam steam engine and her two iron paddlewheels remain exposed above the seafloor. Arpump - Main Engine ylindor 270 Starboard Paddlo Whool U.S.S. HATTERAS 41 GV 68 26° in the Hatteras seven Confederate 26° lisiana in 1762, Spanish naval and merchant traffic Only the remains of her 500-horsepower 25° During the years 1942 and 1943, a fleet of over 20 German sub marines, known as U-boats, cruised the Gulf seeking to stop the vital flow of oil carried by tankers from ports in Texas and Louisiana. They 56 250° A careless word... World War II 240 Shipwrecks 240 succeeded vessels to the bottom. result sending As a remote-sensing surveys required of the oil and gas industry by MMS. ...A NEEDLESS SINKING several U-boat casualties, such as the passenger ship Robert E. have been discovered on in of 19th Century Early 20th Century Shipwrecks 230 230 Shipwrecks Lee, the seafloor. In addition. the only German U-boat lost in the Gulf during the war. the U-166, was discovered in 5,000 feet of 220 water during a pipeline survey. 220 Paddlewheel Stern Walking The 19th century saw the change in shipbuilding technology from the Age of Sail to the Age of Steam. Examples of both types of ship wrecks have been discovered in the Gulf Beam 21° Boilers 210 Stern Bow Paddlewheel Bow Stack of Mexico through oil The earliest example of a wooden-hulled sailing ship in the Gulf was found in 2001. This is a small copper-sheathed vessel that was found in 2,650 feet of water near the mouth of the Mississippi River during pipeline construction. were introduced in the Gulf in the 1830s. The wrecks of two steamships, the New York (1846) and the Josephine (1881), have been studied by marine archaeologists from MMS. company surveys. 19th century 200f 200 For thousands of years ships had been built of wood and powered by sails. In the 19th and early 20th century. hulls of wood began to be replaced by hulls of iron and steel. and sails gradually gave way to steam. steam yacht Anona, built in 1904 for a wealthy Detroit industrialist, represented the height of the shipbuilder's art for her time and even boasted electric lights. The wreck of the Anona lies in over 4,000 feet of water off the coast of Mississippi. Steamships The 190 MMS THE THE ENTE TOF RTENT IMENT U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service 190 MARCH 2. 184 For copies of this poster call 1-800-200-GULF Internet Site: www.MMS.GOV Poster images have been provided by the following: Colonial Shipwrecks painting courtesy of William Trotter; Finding Shipwrecks AUV photo courtesy of C&C Technologies, Inc.; Finding Shipwrecks sonar image of Alcoa Puritan courtesy of BP; Civil War Shipwrecks image of Hatteras and Alabama courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; 19th Century Shipwrecks photo of Josephine courtesy of The Mariner's Museum; World War II Shipwrecks Careless Word poster courtesy of Northwestern Uni- versity Library World War II Posters Collection; World War II Shipwrecks photo of U-166 courtesy of the P.A.S.T. Foundation; World War II Shipwrecks photo of David McKelvy courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks sonar image of Anona courtesy of BP; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks photo of Anona courtesy Historical Collections of the Great Lakes, Bowling Green University. All other images belong to the Minerals Management Service. BERV 180 98° 97° 96° 95° 940 MMS 180 930 92° 91° 90° 89° 2006-007P 880 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 820 81° 80° 790° 780 770 98° 97° 96° 95° 94° 93° 92° 91° 90° 890 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 830 Preserving the Past Under Water 820 81° 80° Histonic Shipwrecks of the Gulf of Mexjco 79° 78° 77° Protecting Historic Shipwrecks The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is the agency of the 330 U.S. Government that oversees exploration and drilling for oil and gas in Federal waters off the coast of the United States. There are many laws passed by Congress that MMS must follow to ensure that this is done in a way that is both environment. 32° National Historic Preservation Act, which says that Government agencies like MMS must take steps to protect places that are important in American history. Shipwrecks are like time capsules, preserving a record of what life was like in the past. People who study historic ship 330 wrecks called archaeologists. are marine Marine archaeologists at MMS work with other archaeologists and historians to determine where shipwrecks are likely to be found by studying historic documents and maps. Unfortunately, historic records rarely give a very precise location of an old 32° shipwreck. Using these records. MMS has identified certain areas in the Gulf that are most likely to contain shipwrecks. Oil and safe for people and protects the One of these laws is the In the Federal waters off the 31° United States, most of these historic shipwrecks. companies to impacting potential shipwrecks in these sites are avoid 31° bef ore 300 SUNKEN VESSEL 300 Finding Shipwrecks MAGNETIC ANOMALY 290 When MMS tells the oil and gas companies they must conduct surveys to ensure that they avoid harming potential shipwrecks in an area they want to develop, they use sophisticated electronic instruments towed fromn a ship to tell them what is buried in the seafloor. These instruments include a magnetometer that detects iron (like cannons or anchors), a sidescan sonar that uses sound waves to make a picture of the seafloor, and a subbottom profiler that shows the layers in the soil beneath the seafloor. Other instruments used for deepwater surveys include an autono mous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The data collected by these instruments are studied by marine archaeologists looking for clues that a shipwreck might lie hidden under the sea. 28° Colonial Shipwrecks 280 Shipwrecks Stoam Cheet 270 MAX Port Paddlo Whool The Spanish explorer Alverez de Pineda was the first European to sail along what is now the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1519. Spanish treasure ships regularly sailed through the Gulf transporting gold and silver from Mexico back to Spain. Three of these ships from the 1554 fleet, the Santa Maria de Yciar, the Espiritu Santo, and the San Estebán, wrecked on Padre Island off South Texas. By the end of the 1600s French explor ers and colonists were active in the area that is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. When the Spanish regained control of became more active along the Gulf Coast. Several shipwrecks from this period are documented in the MMS Shipwreck Database and most have not yet been found. The only U.S. warship sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by the Con federacy during the Civil War was the U.S.S. Hatteras. Assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron January 1862. captured blockade runners before she was sunk by the C.S.S. Alabama on January 11, 1863, off the coast of Texas. Today the vessel rests in 58 feet of water about 20 miles from Galveston. Her 210-f oot long iron hull is completely buried under about three feet of sand. walkingbeam steam engine and her two iron paddlewheels remain exposed above the seafloor. Arpump - Main Engine ylindor 270 Starboard Paddlo Whool U.S.S. HATTERAS 41 GV 68 26° in the Hatteras seven Confederate 26° lisiana in 1762, Spanish naval and merchant traffic Only the remains of her 500-horsepower 25° During the years 1942 and 1943, a fleet of over 20 German sub marines, known as U-boats, cruised the Gulf seeking to stop the vital flow of oil carried by tankers from ports in Texas and Louisiana. They 56 250° A careless word... World War II 240 Shipwrecks 240 succeeded vessels to the bottom. result sending As a remote-sensing surveys required of the oil and gas industry by MMS. ...A NEEDLESS SINKING several U-boat casualties, such as the passenger ship Robert E. have been discovered on in of 19th Century Early 20th Century Shipwrecks 230 230 Shipwrecks Lee, the seafloor. In addition. the only German U-boat lost in the Gulf during the war. the U-166, was discovered in 5,000 feet of 220 water during a pipeline survey. 220 Paddlewheel Stern Walking The 19th century saw the change in shipbuilding technology from the Age of Sail to the Age of Steam. Examples of both types of ship wrecks have been discovered in the Gulf Beam 21° Boilers 210 Stern Bow Paddlewheel Bow Stack of Mexico through oil The earliest example of a wooden-hulled sailing ship in the Gulf was found in 2001. This is a small copper-sheathed vessel that was found in 2,650 feet of water near the mouth of the Mississippi River during pipeline construction. were introduced in the Gulf in the 1830s. The wrecks of two steamships, the New York (1846) and the Josephine (1881), have been studied by marine archaeologists from MMS. company surveys. 19th century 200f 200 For thousands of years ships had been built of wood and powered by sails. In the 19th and early 20th century. hulls of wood began to be replaced by hulls of iron and steel. and sails gradually gave way to steam. steam yacht Anona, built in 1904 for a wealthy Detroit industrialist, represented the height of the shipbuilder's art for her time and even boasted electric lights. The wreck of the Anona lies in over 4,000 feet of water off the coast of Mississippi. Steamships The 190 MMS THE THE ENTE TOF RTENT IMENT U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service 190 MARCH 2. 184 For copies of this poster call 1-800-200-GULF Internet Site: www.MMS.GOV Poster images have been provided by the following: Colonial Shipwrecks painting courtesy of William Trotter; Finding Shipwrecks AUV photo courtesy of C&C Technologies, Inc.; Finding Shipwrecks sonar image of Alcoa Puritan courtesy of BP; Civil War Shipwrecks image of Hatteras and Alabama courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; 19th Century Shipwrecks photo of Josephine courtesy of The Mariner's Museum; World War II Shipwrecks Careless Word poster courtesy of Northwestern Uni- versity Library World War II Posters Collection; World War II Shipwrecks photo of U-166 courtesy of the P.A.S.T. Foundation; World War II Shipwrecks photo of David McKelvy courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks sonar image of Anona courtesy of BP; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks photo of Anona courtesy Historical Collections of the Great Lakes, Bowling Green University. All other images belong to the Minerals Management Service. BERV 180 98° 97° 96° 95° 940 MMS 180 930 92° 91° 90° 89° 2006-007P 880 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 820 81° 80° 790° 780 770 98° 97° 96° 95° 94° 93° 92° 91° 90° 890 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 830 Preserving the Past Under Water 820 81° 80° Histonic Shipwrecks of the Gulf of Mexjco 79° 78° 77° Protecting Historic Shipwrecks The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is the agency of the 330 U.S. Government that oversees exploration and drilling for oil and gas in Federal waters off the coast of the United States. There are many laws passed by Congress that MMS must follow to ensure that this is done in a way that is both environment. 32° National Historic Preservation Act, which says that Government agencies like MMS must take steps to protect places that are important in American history. Shipwrecks are like time capsules, preserving a record of what life was like in the past. People who study historic ship 330 wrecks called archaeologists. are marine Marine archaeologists at MMS work with other archaeologists and historians to determine where shipwrecks are likely to be found by studying historic documents and maps. Unfortunately, historic records rarely give a very precise location of an old 32° shipwreck. Using these records. MMS has identified certain areas in the Gulf that are most likely to contain shipwrecks. Oil and safe for people and protects the One of these laws is the In the Federal waters off the 31° United States, most of these historic shipwrecks. companies to impacting potential shipwrecks in these sites are avoid 31° bef ore 300 SUNKEN VESSEL 300 Finding Shipwrecks MAGNETIC ANOMALY 290 When MMS tells the oil and gas companies they must conduct surveys to ensure that they avoid harming potential shipwrecks in an area they want to develop, they use sophisticated electronic instruments towed fromn a ship to tell them what is buried in the seafloor. These instruments include a magnetometer that detects iron (like cannons or anchors), a sidescan sonar that uses sound waves to make a picture of the seafloor, and a subbottom profiler that shows the layers in the soil beneath the seafloor. Other instruments used for deepwater surveys include an autono mous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The data collected by these instruments are studied by marine archaeologists looking for clues that a shipwreck might lie hidden under the sea. 28° Colonial Shipwrecks 280 Shipwrecks Stoam Cheet 270 MAX Port Paddlo Whool The Spanish explorer Alverez de Pineda was the first European to sail along what is now the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1519. Spanish treasure ships regularly sailed through the Gulf transporting gold and silver from Mexico back to Spain. Three of these ships from the 1554 fleet, the Santa Maria de Yciar, the Espiritu Santo, and the San Estebán, wrecked on Padre Island off South Texas. By the end of the 1600s French explor ers and colonists were active in the area that is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. When the Spanish regained control of became more active along the Gulf Coast. Several shipwrecks from this period are documented in the MMS Shipwreck Database and most have not yet been found. The only U.S. warship sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by the Con federacy during the Civil War was the U.S.S. Hatteras. Assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron January 1862. captured blockade runners before she was sunk by the C.S.S. Alabama on January 11, 1863, off the coast of Texas. Today the vessel rests in 58 feet of water about 20 miles from Galveston. Her 210-f oot long iron hull is completely buried under about three feet of sand. walkingbeam steam engine and her two iron paddlewheels remain exposed above the seafloor. Arpump - Main Engine ylindor 270 Starboard Paddlo Whool U.S.S. HATTERAS 41 GV 68 26° in the Hatteras seven Confederate 26° lisiana in 1762, Spanish naval and merchant traffic Only the remains of her 500-horsepower 25° During the years 1942 and 1943, a fleet of over 20 German sub marines, known as U-boats, cruised the Gulf seeking to stop the vital flow of oil carried by tankers from ports in Texas and Louisiana. They 56 250° A careless word... World War II 240 Shipwrecks 240 succeeded vessels to the bottom. result sending As a remote-sensing surveys required of the oil and gas industry by MMS. ...A NEEDLESS SINKING several U-boat casualties, such as the passenger ship Robert E. have been discovered on in of 19th Century Early 20th Century Shipwrecks 230 230 Shipwrecks Lee, the seafloor. In addition. the only German U-boat lost in the Gulf during the war. the U-166, was discovered in 5,000 feet of 220 water during a pipeline survey. 220 Paddlewheel Stern Walking The 19th century saw the change in shipbuilding technology from the Age of Sail to the Age of Steam. Examples of both types of ship wrecks have been discovered in the Gulf Beam 21° Boilers 210 Stern Bow Paddlewheel Bow Stack of Mexico through oil The earliest example of a wooden-hulled sailing ship in the Gulf was found in 2001. This is a small copper-sheathed vessel that was found in 2,650 feet of water near the mouth of the Mississippi River during pipeline construction. were introduced in the Gulf in the 1830s. The wrecks of two steamships, the New York (1846) and the Josephine (1881), have been studied by marine archaeologists from MMS. company surveys. 19th century 200f 200 For thousands of years ships had been built of wood and powered by sails. In the 19th and early 20th century. hulls of wood began to be replaced by hulls of iron and steel. and sails gradually gave way to steam. steam yacht Anona, built in 1904 for a wealthy Detroit industrialist, represented the height of the shipbuilder's art for her time and even boasted electric lights. The wreck of the Anona lies in over 4,000 feet of water off the coast of Mississippi. Steamships The 190 MMS THE THE ENTE TOF RTENT IMENT U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service 190 MARCH 2. 184 For copies of this poster call 1-800-200-GULF Internet Site: www.MMS.GOV Poster images have been provided by the following: Colonial Shipwrecks painting courtesy of William Trotter; Finding Shipwrecks AUV photo courtesy of C&C Technologies, Inc.; Finding Shipwrecks sonar image of Alcoa Puritan courtesy of BP; Civil War Shipwrecks image of Hatteras and Alabama courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; 19th Century Shipwrecks photo of Josephine courtesy of The Mariner's Museum; World War II Shipwrecks Careless Word poster courtesy of Northwestern Uni- versity Library World War II Posters Collection; World War II Shipwrecks photo of U-166 courtesy of the P.A.S.T. Foundation; World War II Shipwrecks photo of David McKelvy courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks sonar image of Anona courtesy of BP; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks photo of Anona courtesy Historical Collections of the Great Lakes, Bowling Green University. All other images belong to the Minerals Management Service. BERV 180 98° 97° 96° 95° 940 MMS 180 930 92° 91° 90° 89° 2006-007P 880 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 820 81° 80° 790° 780 770 98° 97° 96° 95° 94° 93° 92° 91° 90° 890 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 830 Preserving the Past Under Water 820 81° 80° Histonic Shipwrecks of the Gulf of Mexjco 79° 78° 77° Protecting Historic Shipwrecks The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is the agency of the 330 U.S. Government that oversees exploration and drilling for oil and gas in Federal waters off the coast of the United States. There are many laws passed by Congress that MMS must follow to ensure that this is done in a way that is both environment. 32° National Historic Preservation Act, which says that Government agencies like MMS must take steps to protect places that are important in American history. Shipwrecks are like time capsules, preserving a record of what life was like in the past. People who study historic ship 330 wrecks called archaeologists. are marine Marine archaeologists at MMS work with other archaeologists and historians to determine where shipwrecks are likely to be found by studying historic documents and maps. Unfortunately, historic records rarely give a very precise location of an old 32° shipwreck. Using these records. MMS has identified certain areas in the Gulf that are most likely to contain shipwrecks. Oil and safe for people and protects the One of these laws is the In the Federal waters off the 31° United States, most of these historic shipwrecks. companies to impacting potential shipwrecks in these sites are avoid 31° bef ore 300 SUNKEN VESSEL 300 Finding Shipwrecks MAGNETIC ANOMALY 290 When MMS tells the oil and gas companies they must conduct surveys to ensure that they avoid harming potential shipwrecks in an area they want to develop, they use sophisticated electronic instruments towed fromn a ship to tell them what is buried in the seafloor. These instruments include a magnetometer that detects iron (like cannons or anchors), a sidescan sonar that uses sound waves to make a picture of the seafloor, and a subbottom profiler that shows the layers in the soil beneath the seafloor. Other instruments used for deepwater surveys include an autono mous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The data collected by these instruments are studied by marine archaeologists looking for clues that a shipwreck might lie hidden under the sea. 28° Colonial Shipwrecks 280 Shipwrecks Stoam Cheet 270 MAX Port Paddlo Whool The Spanish explorer Alverez de Pineda was the first European to sail along what is now the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1519. Spanish treasure ships regularly sailed through the Gulf transporting gold and silver from Mexico back to Spain. Three of these ships from the 1554 fleet, the Santa Maria de Yciar, the Espiritu Santo, and the San Estebán, wrecked on Padre Island off South Texas. By the end of the 1600s French explor ers and colonists were active in the area that is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. When the Spanish regained control of became more active along the Gulf Coast. Several shipwrecks from this period are documented in the MMS Shipwreck Database and most have not yet been found. The only U.S. warship sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by the Con federacy during the Civil War was the U.S.S. Hatteras. Assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron January 1862. captured blockade runners before she was sunk by the C.S.S. Alabama on January 11, 1863, off the coast of Texas. Today the vessel rests in 58 feet of water about 20 miles from Galveston. Her 210-f oot long iron hull is completely buried under about three feet of sand. walkingbeam steam engine and her two iron paddlewheels remain exposed above the seafloor. Arpump - Main Engine ylindor 270 Starboard Paddlo Whool U.S.S. HATTERAS 41 GV 68 26° in the Hatteras seven Confederate 26° lisiana in 1762, Spanish naval and merchant traffic Only the remains of her 500-horsepower 25° During the years 1942 and 1943, a fleet of over 20 German sub marines, known as U-boats, cruised the Gulf seeking to stop the vital flow of oil carried by tankers from ports in Texas and Louisiana. They 56 250° A careless word... World War II 240 Shipwrecks 240 succeeded vessels to the bottom. result sending As a remote-sensing surveys required of the oil and gas industry by MMS. ...A NEEDLESS SINKING several U-boat casualties, such as the passenger ship Robert E. have been discovered on in of 19th Century Early 20th Century Shipwrecks 230 230 Shipwrecks Lee, the seafloor. In addition. the only German U-boat lost in the Gulf during the war. the U-166, was discovered in 5,000 feet of 220 water during a pipeline survey. 220 Paddlewheel Stern Walking The 19th century saw the change in shipbuilding technology from the Age of Sail to the Age of Steam. Examples of both types of ship wrecks have been discovered in the Gulf Beam 21° Boilers 210 Stern Bow Paddlewheel Bow Stack of Mexico through oil The earliest example of a wooden-hulled sailing ship in the Gulf was found in 2001. This is a small copper-sheathed vessel that was found in 2,650 feet of water near the mouth of the Mississippi River during pipeline construction. were introduced in the Gulf in the 1830s. The wrecks of two steamships, the New York (1846) and the Josephine (1881), have been studied by marine archaeologists from MMS. company surveys. 19th century 200f 200 For thousands of years ships had been built of wood and powered by sails. In the 19th and early 20th century. hulls of wood began to be replaced by hulls of iron and steel. and sails gradually gave way to steam. steam yacht Anona, built in 1904 for a wealthy Detroit industrialist, represented the height of the shipbuilder's art for her time and even boasted electric lights. The wreck of the Anona lies in over 4,000 feet of water off the coast of Mississippi. Steamships The 190 MMS THE THE ENTE TOF RTENT IMENT U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service 190 MARCH 2. 184 For copies of this poster call 1-800-200-GULF Internet Site: www.MMS.GOV Poster images have been provided by the following: Colonial Shipwrecks painting courtesy of William Trotter; Finding Shipwrecks AUV photo courtesy of C&C Technologies, Inc.; Finding Shipwrecks sonar image of Alcoa Puritan courtesy of BP; Civil War Shipwrecks image of Hatteras and Alabama courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; 19th Century Shipwrecks photo of Josephine courtesy of The Mariner's Museum; World War II Shipwrecks Careless Word poster courtesy of Northwestern Uni- versity Library World War II Posters Collection; World War II Shipwrecks photo of U-166 courtesy of the P.A.S.T. Foundation; World War II Shipwrecks photo of David McKelvy courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks sonar image of Anona courtesy of BP; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks photo of Anona courtesy Historical Collections of the Great Lakes, Bowling Green University. All other images belong to the Minerals Management Service. BERV 180 98° 97° 96° 95° 940 MMS 180 930 92° 91° 90° 89° 2006-007P 880 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 820 81° 80° 790° 780 770 98° 97° 96° 95° 94° 93° 92° 91° 90° 890 88° 87° 86° 85° 84° 830 Preserving the Past Under Water 820 81° 80° Histonic Shipwrecks of the Gulf of Mexjco 79° 78° 77° Protecting Historic Shipwrecks The Minerals Management Service (MMS) is the agency of the 330 U.S. Government that oversees exploration and drilling for oil and gas in Federal waters off the coast of the United States. There are many laws passed by Congress that MMS must follow to ensure that this is done in a way that is both environment. 32° National Historic Preservation Act, which says that Government agencies like MMS must take steps to protect places that are important in American history. Shipwrecks are like time capsules, preserving a record of what life was like in the past. People who study historic ship 330 wrecks called archaeologists. are marine Marine archaeologists at MMS work with other archaeologists and historians to determine where shipwrecks are likely to be found by studying historic documents and maps. Unfortunately, historic records rarely give a very precise location of an old 32° shipwreck. Using these records. MMS has identified certain areas in the Gulf that are most likely to contain shipwrecks. Oil and safe for people and protects the One of these laws is the In the Federal waters off the 31° United States, most of these historic shipwrecks. companies to impacting potential shipwrecks in these sites are avoid 31° bef ore 300 SUNKEN VESSEL 300 Finding Shipwrecks MAGNETIC ANOMALY 290 When MMS tells the oil and gas companies they must conduct surveys to ensure that they avoid harming potential shipwrecks in an area they want to develop, they use sophisticated electronic instruments towed fromn a ship to tell them what is buried in the seafloor. These instruments include a magnetometer that detects iron (like cannons or anchors), a sidescan sonar that uses sound waves to make a picture of the seafloor, and a subbottom profiler that shows the layers in the soil beneath the seafloor. Other instruments used for deepwater surveys include an autono mous underwater vehicle (AUV) and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The data collected by these instruments are studied by marine archaeologists looking for clues that a shipwreck might lie hidden under the sea. 28° Colonial Shipwrecks 280 Shipwrecks Stoam Cheet 270 MAX Port Paddlo Whool The Spanish explorer Alverez de Pineda was the first European to sail along what is now the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico in 1519. Spanish treasure ships regularly sailed through the Gulf transporting gold and silver from Mexico back to Spain. Three of these ships from the 1554 fleet, the Santa Maria de Yciar, the Espiritu Santo, and the San Estebán, wrecked on Padre Island off South Texas. By the end of the 1600s French explor ers and colonists were active in the area that is now Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. When the Spanish regained control of became more active along the Gulf Coast. Several shipwrecks from this period are documented in the MMS Shipwreck Database and most have not yet been found. The only U.S. warship sunk in the Gulf of Mexico by the Con federacy during the Civil War was the U.S.S. Hatteras. Assigned to the Gulf Blockading Squadron January 1862. captured blockade runners before she was sunk by the C.S.S. Alabama on January 11, 1863, off the coast of Texas. Today the vessel rests in 58 feet of water about 20 miles from Galveston. Her 210-f oot long iron hull is completely buried under about three feet of sand. walkingbeam steam engine and her two iron paddlewheels remain exposed above the seafloor. Arpump - Main Engine ylindor 270 Starboard Paddlo Whool U.S.S. HATTERAS 41 GV 68 26° in the Hatteras seven Confederate 26° lisiana in 1762, Spanish naval and merchant traffic Only the remains of her 500-horsepower 25° During the years 1942 and 1943, a fleet of over 20 German sub marines, known as U-boats, cruised the Gulf seeking to stop the vital flow of oil carried by tankers from ports in Texas and Louisiana. They 56 250° A careless word... World War II 240 Shipwrecks 240 succeeded vessels to the bottom. result sending As a remote-sensing surveys required of the oil and gas industry by MMS. ...A NEEDLESS SINKING several U-boat casualties, such as the passenger ship Robert E. have been discovered on in of 19th Century Early 20th Century Shipwrecks 230 230 Shipwrecks Lee, the seafloor. In addition. the only German U-boat lost in the Gulf during the war. the U-166, was discovered in 5,000 feet of 220 water during a pipeline survey. 220 Paddlewheel Stern Walking The 19th century saw the change in shipbuilding technology from the Age of Sail to the Age of Steam. Examples of both types of ship wrecks have been discovered in the Gulf Beam 21° Boilers 210 Stern Bow Paddlewheel Bow Stack of Mexico through oil The earliest example of a wooden-hulled sailing ship in the Gulf was found in 2001. This is a small copper-sheathed vessel that was found in 2,650 feet of water near the mouth of the Mississippi River during pipeline construction. were introduced in the Gulf in the 1830s. The wrecks of two steamships, the New York (1846) and the Josephine (1881), have been studied by marine archaeologists from MMS. company surveys. 19th century 200f 200 For thousands of years ships had been built of wood and powered by sails. In the 19th and early 20th century. hulls of wood began to be replaced by hulls of iron and steel. and sails gradually gave way to steam. steam yacht Anona, built in 1904 for a wealthy Detroit industrialist, represented the height of the shipbuilder's art for her time and even boasted electric lights. The wreck of the Anona lies in over 4,000 feet of water off the coast of Mississippi. Steamships The 190 MMS THE THE ENTE TOF RTENT IMENT U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service 190 MARCH 2. 184 For copies of this poster call 1-800-200-GULF Internet Site: www.MMS.GOV Poster images have been provided by the following: Colonial Shipwrecks painting courtesy of William Trotter; Finding Shipwrecks AUV photo courtesy of C&C Technologies, Inc.; Finding Shipwrecks sonar image of Alcoa Puritan courtesy of BP; Civil War Shipwrecks image of Hatteras and Alabama courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; 19th Century Shipwrecks photo of Josephine courtesy of The Mariner's Museum; World War II Shipwrecks Careless Word poster courtesy of Northwestern Uni- versity Library World War II Posters Collection; World War II Shipwrecks photo of U-166 courtesy of the P.A.S.T. Foundation; World War II Shipwrecks photo of David McKelvy courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation Photographic Service; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks sonar image of Anona courtesy of BP; Early 20th Century Shipwrecks photo of Anona courtesy Historical Collections of the Great Lakes, Bowling Green University. All other images belong to the Minerals Management Service. BERV 180 98° 97° 96° 95° 940 MMS 180 930 92° 91° 90° 89° 2006-007P 880 87° 86° 85° 84° 83° 820 81° 80° 790° 780 770