The evolution of packaging

From containers provided by nature to the use of complex materials and processes, packaging has certainly changed. Various factors contributed to this growth: the needs and concerns of people, competition in the marketplace, unusual events (such as wars), shifting lifestyles, as well as discoveries and inventions. Just as no single cause influenced past development, a variety of forces will be required to create the packages of the future, but a very important factor will always be consumer choice. Ultimately, only the packaging that our society demands is produced. We choose by the products we purchase. The Evolution Packaging of early 1900s - late 1960s glass containers dominated the market for liquid products 7000 B.C 1500 B.C 1200 B.C 300 B.C Clear, transparent glass was 17TH and 18TH A.D 1889 blowpipe was invented by the Phoenicians which speeded discovered in the start of glass-making began as an offshoot of pottery first industrialized glass was pressed The split mold was developed which provided an irregular shapes and raised decoration. The identification of the maker and the product name could then be molded into the glass container as it was manufactured Owens invented the first in Egypt into molds to make the Christian Era automatic rotary bottle- making machine. cups and bowl production but allowed for round containers early 1950s - 1950s 1959 - 1960s Glass 1200 A.D Early 14TH CENTURY 1764 Aluminum can The pop top/tear tab can lid appeared The first aluminum Food products start to make use of collapsible The process of tin plating Cans of iron coated with London tobacconists beganselling snuff in metal canisters, But no one was willing to use metal for food since it was considered poisonous. foil containers were appeared was discovered in Bohemia tin were known in Bavaria. designed metal tubes Iron 1800s → 1809 1810 1830s 1841 1866 1866 1868 - 1875 1888 The can opener Double seam closures using a sealing compound The safe preservation of foods General Napoleon Bonaparte Peter Durand of Britain in metal containers was finally offered 12,000 francs to any- received a patent for tin- were sold in tins realized in France in the early. Cookies and matches Collapsible, soft metal tubes The first printed metal or "flexible packaging," were first used by artists paints The keywind metal Interior enamels for tear-strip was developed boxes were made in the cans were developed wasinvented one who could preserve food plate after devising the sealed cylindrical can. United States for cakes were available for his army. of Dr. Lyon's tooth powder. ---- 1905 Paper 1ST or 2ND CENTURY B.C 1310 1690 1910 1817 1850s 1867 1844 1852 ►1870s Paper making was introduced Paper making arrived in America in Germantown, Pennsylvania. Machinery was invented to automatically produce in-line printed paper bags made wooden crates and boxes Chinese used sheets of treated shipping cartons of faced corrugated paperboard began to replace self- The first paperboard carton was produced in England. "cardboard" based Commercial paper bags mulberry bark to wrap foods. The Chinese also developed and refined the techniques of paper making. The process for deriving Further advancements, glued paper sacks the bag-making machine and the gusset design. Robert Gair found "semi-flexible packaging" by accident. Francis Wolle invented on corrugated paper appeared to England. useful cellulose fiber from were first manufactured wood pulp was developed in Bristol, England. in the United States. used for trade. Plastic 19TH CENTURY → 1831 1835 1860 1870 1900 1947 1958 1950s-1960s 1933 1977 1980 "celluloid" was patented. It could not be molded, Plastic was discovered Cellulose acetate was first Polyethylene film wraps Styrene was first distilled from a balsam tree, but the early products were brittle and shattered easily. Germany refined the process in 1933 and by the 1950s styrofoam was available celluloid Molded deodorant Heat shrinkable Cellophane was commercially used for packaging. Vinyl chloride PETE used for foods derived from wood pulp in and developed for photo- graphic uses in 1909 squeeze bottles were introduced. polyethylene terephthalate II radar cables and drug (PETE) available products container. was discovered films were were used in World War and other hot-fill but rather carved and developed worldwide shaped tablet packaging for container 10,000 BC B.C/A.D 1000 2000 30- 1760, Industrial Revolution 8. Population Biomass Global CO2 Emission Industrial Revolution began in Britain and within a few decades spread to Western Europe and the United States. The transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, development of machine tools and change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. Sola, wind, geothermal This exponential population growth - led to the exponential requirements for resources, energy, food, housing and land, as well as the exponential increase in waste by-products. During the 18th Century, global CO2 6b Nuclear 25 emissions were around 3 to 7 million 5 6. Natural Gas tonnes per year . Oil During the early 19th Century, CO2 emissions steadily rose reaching 54 million tonnes per year by 1850 Coal Extraction of natural resources for Each person on the planet use 22 kg per day (without overburden) or 40 kg per day (with overburden) 15 3 the production of goods and services: BiePak 10 2 1.6b 2 1b It doesn't cost the earth 60 billion tonnes each year II 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 50% 20% 15% Global Primary power consumption in Exajoules 4- 4+ Population in Billion 20 Global Emissions of CO2 from Fosil Fuels in Billio Tons of CO2