The Evolution of Information Technology Through US Presidential Administrations

>> THE EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY THROUGH U.S. PRESIDENTIAL ADMINISTRATIONS from 1930s - present Before bacon, LOLcats and unicorns ruled social media and powerful computers fit in our pockets, computer networks were driven by massive mainframes filled with actual bugs, all riding on the dreams of brilliant technologists and inventors. But we wouldn't be where we are today without the support of the commanders-in-chief along the way, so here are some of the milestones of tech progress under the last 13 presidents: brought to you by SPICEWORKS The Start of the IT Era President Franklin D. Roosevelt 32 1933 March 4. 1933 - April 12, 1945 1933 1933 President Roosevelt delivers the first of 33 "fireside chats" over evening radio addresses, charming the socks off the entire nation with his silky voice. 1935 "Rapid changes-the machine age, the advent of universal and rapid communication and many other new factors-have brought new problems."-President Roosevelt 1935 6699 1940 1940 Attendees at an American Mathematical Society conference CNC are stunned after the first demonstration of remote access computing by Bell Labs' Complex Number Calculator. We're pretty sure they said, "Much remote.so wow. 1942 The Atanasoff-Berry Computer becomes the first electronic digital computer and the first computer to use binary digits 1942 to represent all numbers and data. 011000110110111101101111011011000000110100001010 1943 ENIAC, one of the world's first general-purpose electronic digital computers, was initially designed for the United States Army. Its visionary creators saw greater potential for the "Giant Brain" outside the military; their ambition would express the first dream for the role of computers in everyday life. 1943 President Harry S. Truman 1945 33 April 12, 1945 -January 20, 19353 1945 Though a common engineering term, mathematician Grace Hopper records the first actual computer bug-a moth stuck 1945 RIP between the relays on the Harvard Mark II. RIP, Bug. I fear that machines are ahead of morals by some centuries and when morals catch up perhaps there'll (be] no reason for any of it -President Truman 6699 1947 1947 President Truman delivers the first televised presidential address. 1951 1951 MIT's Whirlwind, the world's first real-time computer and a government-funded project, debuts to the public. 1952 Words 1952 UNIVAC correctly predicts presidential victory for Dwight D. Eisenhower; polls had compiler, a program that allows a Steven Adlai ahead by a landslide. Humans: 0. Computer overlords: 1. Grace Hopper completes the first computer user to use English-like words instead of numbers. President Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953 34 January 20, 1953 - Jannary 20. 1961 1954 1954 Gordon Teal perfects the silicon-based transistor, laying the foundations for the first transistor radio to launch the world into a global village of instant news and Beliebers. 1956 3 1956 MIT researchers build the TX-0, the first general-purpose, programmable computer built with transistors. 1958 1958 President Eisenhower creates the Jack Kilby invents the integrated circuit while working at Texas Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in response to the Soviet launch of Sputnik as part of the space race during the Cold War. Instruments. 1961 "For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers." 1961 6699 -President Eisenhower President John F. Kennedy 1961 35 Jannary 20, 1961 - November 22, 1963 1961 JFK sets a goal to "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth The Apollo program would spur advances in many areas of technology, including telecommunications and computers. 1961 IBM commands an 81.2% share of the IBM computer market. 6699 "Man is still the most extraordinary computer of all" -President Kennedy Fairchild Micrologic designs the first integrated circuit (IC) available as a monolithic chip; their ICs would be used by the Apollo Guidance Computer. 1962 Computer geeks at MIT write the first computerized video game, SpaceWar!, for the $120,000 PDP 1 minicomputer. "Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." -Arthur C. Clarke 1962 President Lyndon B. Johnson 1963 36 Norember 22. 1963 - Junuary 20. 1969 1964 Douglas Engelbart invents the mouse, named after its tail-shaped cord. 1964 1966 First dynamic RAM 1966 The original Star Trek is shown for the first (Random Access time in the United States on NBC September Memory) chip invented. 8, 1966, a show which continues to inspire scientists and geeks today. I 1967 1967 6699 "I believe the time has come to enlist the computer and the satellite, as well as television and radio, and to enlist them in the cause of education.-President Johnson The Apollo Guidance Computer makes its debut orbiting the Earth on Apollo 7. DARPA launches ARPANET, the predecessor of the Internet. President Richard Nixon 37 1969 January 20. 1969-August 9, 1974 1971 1971 The first e-mail is sent through ARPANET by Ray Tomlinson, who cemented the use of the "@" sign in The first floppy disks become commercially available. email addresses. 1972 Pong is released and revolutionizes the arcade industry while launching the modern video game era. Coincidentally, the rate and complexity of profane words increases among teenage boys. z 1972 1973 1973 Robert Metcalfe invents the Ethernet working standard. President Gerald Ford 1974 38 August 9, 1974 - January 20, 1977 1975 "I recognize the need for technology that enriches 6699 life while preserving our natural environment. My goal is to stimulate productivity, but use technology 1975 to redeem, not to destroy our environment." -Gerald Ford 1976 1976 Steve Wozniak and best friend Steve Jobs design the Apple , a single-board computer for hobbyists. President Jimmy Carter 1977 39 January 20, 197:- January 20, 19S1 1977 1977 Atari launches the Video Computer System game console; productivity everywhere drops precipitously. Texas Instruments Inc. introduces 1978 Speak & Spell, marking the first electronic duplication of the human 1978 The first ever spam email is sent over ARPANET by Gary Thuerk, an ad for a presentation by the Digital Equipment Corporation. The second spam email was probably sent by a "Nigerian prince. vocal tract on a single chip of silicon. Luckily it didn't say, "I'm sorry, Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that" 1979 * 1979 John Shoch and Jon Hupp at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center invent a computer worm. Initially designed for testing and to provide more efficient use of computers, the worm had the unintended effect of invading networked computers and creating a security threat. Whoops. USENET established, enabling users to post messages and files that could be accessed and archived. It would go on to become a main source of large-scale interaction for interest groups through the 1990s. "We have the world's highest level of technology. We have the most skilled workforce, with innovative genius" Jimmy Carter 6699 President Ronald Reagan 1981 40 January 20, 19S1-January 20. 1989 1982 Beating out all humans in the world for the title of "Man of the Year," the personal computer is named "Machine of the Year" by TIME magazine 1982 • 1983 1984 hallam 1984 1983 Apple Computer launches the Macintosh, the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphic user interface, for $2,500. The MacWrite program is the first to demonstrate WYSIWYG (What You See Is Nintendo releases the Nintendo Entertainment System. Enrollment to plumbing school skyrockets. What You Get) word processing. "Cyberspace.A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation.. A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every 6699 computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. -William Gibson "I recently learned something quite interesting about video games. Many young people have developed incredible hand, eye, and brain coordination in playing these games." -President Regan 6699 President George H.W. Bush 1989 41 January 20. 1989 - January 20. 1993 1989 Tim Berners-Lee develops Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and a new technique for distributing information on the Internet: he calls it the World Wide Web. www 1989 "High tech is potent, precise, and in the end, unbeatable.Look, I want to give the high-five symbol to high tech.-George H.W. Bush 6699 1991 1991 Senator Al Gore passes the High Performance Computing Act of 1991. The "Gore Bill, as it became known, pumped $600M into computing and networking and would help launch the Internet boom. So he kind of did invent the Internet.not really. "What a computer is to me is it's the most remarkable tool that we have ever come up with. It's the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds.-Steve Jobs 1992 1992 Linux released under the GNU General Public License - free operating systems for everyone! President Bill Clinton 42 1993 January 20. 1993 - January 20. 2001 1994 1994 Netscape Communications Corporation is founded. Originally called the Mosaic Communications corporation, Netscape would herald the Internet boom of the 1990s. Yahoo is founded by Stanford graduate students Jerry Yang and David Filo, which started out as "Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web" The first White House website is launched. President Clinton issues an executive order forcing the heads of every federal agency to employ IT in their operations. 1994 President Clinton and Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bildt participate in the first email exchange between two heads of state. 1997 Palm Pilot released. International community frets 1997 about people spending too much time on portable electronic devices. "Ideas, information, and money cross the planet at 1998 1998 the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them 69, extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures-President Clinton President George W. Bush 2001 43 January 20. 2001 - January 20. 2009 2001 Wikipedia launches; students everywhere rejoice. 2001 2003 "Like almost everyone who uses e-mail, I receive a ton of spam every day. Much of it offers to 66, 2003 help me get out of debt or get rich quick. It would be funny if it weren't so irritating." -Bill Gates 2004 2004 Google indexes more than 8 billion web pages. International community worries about people spending too much time online. Facebook launches, available only to Harvard students. International community wrings hands over social media causing disconnection. "The Internet has changed us. It's changed the whole world. It's an amazing example of what a 6699 commitment to research dollars can mean.-President Bush 2006 Spiceworks founded in Austin, Texas. Millions of IT pros use Spiceworks to get the info, advice and tools they need to do their jobs and decide what to buy. 2006 2007 2007 First Apple iPhone launches. Fretting about time spent on phones reaches maximum fervor; so do phone sales. President Barack Obama 44 2009 January 20. 2009 - present 2009 2009 President Obama begins his weekly address via YouTube. President Obama selects Aneesh Chopra to be the White House's first Chief Technology Officer. 2010 Apple releases the iPad, ushering in a new era of tablet computing and people looking silly taking photos with giant aluminum rectangles. 2010 2012 2012 The number of smartphones reaches 1 billion worldwide. The number of virtualized servers surpasses the number of physical servers in the world. Technology and the internet can empower the sorts of conversations that strengthen our democracy over the long run." -President Barack Obama in an AMA on Reddit 6699 present Spiceworks is the professional network that more than 5 million IT professionals use to connect with one another and over 3,000 technology brands. The company simplifies how IT professionals discover, buy and manage more than $525 billion in technology products and services each year. Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Spiceworks is backed by Adams Street Partners, Austin Ventures, Institutional Venture Partners (IVP), Goldman Sachs, Shasta Ventures and Tenaya Capital. SPICEWORKS Where IT goes to work." For more information, visit www.spiceworks.com. 2010s BARACK OB AMA GEORGE w. BUSH 1980s BILL CLINTON S0007 GEORGE H. w. BUSH $0661 RONALD RE AGAN 1970s JIMMY CARTER GERALD FORD RICHARD NIXON LYNDON B. JOHNSON JOHN F. KE NNEDY 1950s 1940s DWIGHT D.EISENHOWER 1930s HARRY S. TRUMAN $0961 HARRY S. TRUMAN FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEV DI