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The Evolution of Human Rights

EVOLUTION THE OF HUMAN R/GPTS "human rights are the rights that one haS simply because one is a human being" 88-8-88-88-8+8 8-88-88-88-88-881 Overall Evolution 17th century - Human rights evolved with John Locke's book, The Second Treatise of Government, based on the theory of natural rights – that equal individuals have natural rights to their lives, liberties and estates. The Human Rights Movement gained momentum in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s and became a major political issue. THe Human RIGHTS CHRONOLOGY Judeo/Christian Tradition O SAAD The (206 BC - 100 AD) (1756 BC) The Code of Hammurabi The Judeo-Christjan Traditions Hammurabi, the ruler of Babylonia issued a law code to administer his new kingdom. The law code consisted of practical as- pects of trade, labour, property, family and slavery. Jesus preached the rights to come to- gether with responsibilities and urged his followers to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and forgive their enemies. (215 AD) The Magna Carta MAGNA CARTA (551-479 BC) Confucius English King John I who imposed heavy taxes on his people to finance wars, was Confucius, a great philosopher, taught government and social reform. His philo- sophical teachings were based on Zen or benevolence - "Do not do to others what you would not like yourself" and "Do unto others what you wish them to do unto yourself".them to do unto yourself". subjected to the rule of law known as the Magna Carta. It became the source of many rights and liberties. Bill of Kighte (1648) The Treaty of Westphaija 1689) The Engish Bili of Rights atuanansihoma This Treaty became the base of the modern notion of national sovereignty by freeing state rulers from the authority of the Catholic Church. Religious toler- ance was encouraged and the concept of freedom to worship was built upon this concept. In 1689, in order to deal with arbitrary rulers such as King James II the English Parliament passed a bill. The Bill of Rights forbade the royalty to suspend law with- out Parliament's consent, ordered free elections for members of Parliament, and ensured freedom of speech in Parliament. (776) (1787, Į79) The US Constitution and The Bili of Rights The US Deciaration of independence The representatives of 13 British colonies adopted the Declaration of Independence, forming the first government of the 13 US colonies. The Declaration was largely based on Locke's and Montesquieu's 1781 Constitution was redefined to central- ize and strengthen the government, while limiting its power to guarantee individual liberty. Specific rights were established and were made adaptable to various crises through judicial reinterpretation. 'natural rights' theories. (1789) The Deciaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1863) The Prociamation of Emancipation tmulien The French Declaration was influenced by American Revolution. The legacy of the Declaration attacked monarchy and de- fined natural rights as "liberty, property. security, and the right to resist oppres- Abraham Lincoln issued the Proclamation of Emancipation during the third year of the Civil War on January 1,1863. It freed the people held as slaves within the rebel- ling states and aided in the passing of the 13th amendment, which outlawed slavery nationwide in 1865. sion". (1864, 1949) The Geneva Conventions The International Red Cross was respon- sible for the Geneva Convention of 1864 - the first international treaty which gov- erns the conduct of nations in wartime. It provides for the treatment of sick and Wounded soldiers. (869 -1948) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi M.K. Gandhi developed his philosophy of non-violent confrontation based on re- spect for life. He called it satyagraha (the force of truth). He supported movements against caste discrimination, women's rights and basic education. (1945) The United Nations Charter THE UNITID NATONS UNIVERSAL DICARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (1948) The Universai Deciaration of Human Rights The UN Charter was signed by 51 states after the Second World War in 1945, es- tablishing the UN Organization, dedi- cated to maintaining peace, security and cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems. UN assigned a Commission, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, to clarify the Charter's references to human rights. This resulted in the UN General Assembly adopting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), a statement of universal goals concerning human rights and freedoms The protection of human rights was accepted as an international issue only after the Second World War. Human Rights Article 1 -- Right To Equality Article 2 -- Freedom From Discrimination Article 3 -- Right to Security of Person Article 4 -- Freedom from Slavery Article 5 -- Freedom From Inhumane Treatment Artiele 6 -- Right To Legal Recognition Article 7 -- Right To Equality Before the Law Article 8 -- Right To Remedy by Competent Tribunal Article 9 -- Freedom From Arbitrary Legal Prosecution Article 10 -- Right To Fair Public Hearing Article 11 -- Right To Be Considered Innocent Until Proven Guilty Article 12 -- Freedom From Interference Article 13 -- Right To Free Movement Article 14 -- Right to Asylum From Prosecution Article 15 -- Right To A Nationality Article 16 -- Right To Marriage Article 17 -- Right To Own Property Artiele 18 -- Freedom Of Belief Artiele 19 -- Freedom Of Speech Article 20 -- Right To Peaceful Assembly and Association Article 21 -- Right To Participate In Government Artiele 22 -- Right To Social Security Artiele 23 -- Right To Desirable Employment Artiele 24 -- Right To Rest Article 25 -- Right To Adequate Living Standard Article 26 -- Right To Education Article 27 -- Right To Participate in and Enjoy the Culture of One's Community Article Article 28 -- Right To Realization of This Declaration Article 29 -- Duties To Community Article 30 -- Freedom From Interference in Above Rights Sources: PRESENTED BY: PREPARED BY: http://www.uab.ro/reviste_recunoscute/reviste_drept/annales_10_2007/ciobotea_en.pdf http://www.lawyersnjurists.com/articles-reports-journals/law- and-ethics/discussion-over-history-and-evolution-of-human-rights-and-its-instruments/ http://www.helium.com/items/1002374-the-evolution-of-the-concept-of-human-rights http://www.holycrossjustice.org/pdf/Asia/Integral%20Liberation/December2004/EvolutionofHuman Rights-AMathewsPhilip.pdf S SINNOTT SOLICITORS Media Mosaic Differentiate yourseit. 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The Evolution of Human Rights

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Human rights concept has evolved over the last four centuries. Sinnott Solicitors, one of the premier immigration solicitors in Dublin area, presents an Infographic which seeks to showcase the Evoluti...

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