Ethical Innovation

ETHICAL INNOVATION The human race has been so successful because of its powers of Innovation. While no one knows who came up with the wheel, most innovations these days come from the commercial world and they can have a tremendously positive impact and help you make a profit. Some inventions are the result of plain chance while others start from a personal need. Here are a few of the inventions we now take for granted & how they came into being (and made millions for some) THE ΝOKIA 1100 1 NOKIA When the first fisherman from India bought a mobile phone in 2003 it was a huge investment. The Nokia 1100 that allowed him to find the wholesaler that paid better and lead to him tripling his family income. 250 million affordable and useful devices like this were sold and they changed the lives of many people. NOKIA 1 ao 2 abc 4 ghi 5 Jki mno 6 7 pars 8 tuv wxyz 9 2 ZIPS A simple invention by Gideon Sunback changed the world. Without zips where would tents be!! THE PLOUGH This simple cutting tool made the work easier and faster. People started to harvest more food than they needed to survive, started trading, living in communities & could devote their existence to inventing other things rather than worrying about food. 4 BARCODES Were first invented in 1952 as a kind of visual Morse code. Then in 1970 Norman Woodland, the inventor, devised the Universal Product Code. They have empowered much more efficient stock control and less waste helping e commerce to grow. 0 123456 789012 THE BATTERY THE BICYCLE A frog helped! Luigi Galvani, an Italian physicist noticed that the leg of a dead frog twitched when it touched two pieces of metal. Later, Professor Alessandro Volta created the first battery. It was just a toy in the beginning, in the 1820s, but in 1861 Pierre Marchaux created the French vélocipède, considered to be the first bicycle. 7 CAMERA, 1826 The British polymath William Talbot, inventor of one of the earliest cameras, was inspired by his inability to draw. He described one of his sketches as "melancholy to behold", wishing for a way to fix on paper the fleeting photographic images that had been observed for centuries using camera obscura. His early developing techniques in the late 1830s set the standard for decades - he invented the negative/positive process - and photography passed swiftly from novelty into ubiquity, helped in large part, in 1888, by George Eastman's Kodak, the first camera to take film. DIGITAL CAMERA 1975, There could be no digital camera without the charge-coupled device (CCD), the "digital film" that captures images electronically. Developed in1969, the widget allowed the Kodak engineer Steven Sasson to build the first digital camera, which resembled a toaster. The first, horribly blurry snap (of a female lab assistant) he took boasted just 0.01 megapixels and took almost a minute to record and display, but in those 60 seconds, Sasson had transformed photography - today digital cameras have all but killed off film and made photographers of us all and shot the selfie to prominence. 9 PENCIL RUBBER, 1770 Strange, perhaps, that it took 200 years after the invention of the lead pencil for somebody to dream up the rubber. Until then, draughtsman had to use bread, but the English engineer Edward Naine saw potential in natural rubber to do a better job. It did, but, like bread, rubber was perishable. The advent of more durable vulcanised rubber in 1839 (a method pioneered by the tyre tycoon Charles Goodyear) sealed the future of the eraser as it is known in the states. Hymen Lipman conceived the all-in-one pencil rubber in 1858. 10 FRIDGE, 1834 The greatest kitchen convenience signalled the decline of the greengrocer, but has improved the lives of millions allowing perishable food to keep "fresh" for days at a time. Jacob Perkins was the first to describe how pipes filled with volatile chemicals whose molecules evaporated very easily could keep food cool, like wind chilling your skin after a dip in the sea. But he neglected to publish his invention and its evolution was slow- fridges would not be commonplace for another 100 years. Unfortunately the technology has also speeeded global warming - inventions can have unexpected side effects. 11 NOISE-CANCELLING HEADPHONES, 1988 For airline passengers allergic to the sound of crying babies or easily distracted office workers, headphones that block out the ambient din are a life-saver. The story goes that, on a flight to Europe, Amar Bose, the billionaire founder of the Bose audio equipment firm, was so unimpressed with the complementary pair he was given, he set about making a pair that could generate sound waves to neutralise incoming noise. TELEPHONE 12 1876 II Frenchman Charles Bourseul first proposed transmitting speech electronically in 1854, but he was ahead of his time and it took another six years before Johann Reis used a cork, knitting needle, sausage skin and a piece of platinum to transmit sound, if not intelligible speech (that took another 16 years). Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell raced to make the first working phone in the 1870s, Bell winning in a photo-finish. SOURCE: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/101-gadgets-that-changed-the-world-398535.html