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Epidemics in America

EPIDEMICS IN AMERICA Diseases have ravaged human populations for thousands of years, bringing down both kings and their kingdoms. HOW HAVE EPIDEMICS AFFECTED LIFE IN THE USA? SMALLPOX THE BIGGEST KILLER INTRODUCED TO THE AMERICAS BY EUROPEANS. DROPPED THE POPULATION OF NATIVE AMERICANS FROM 100 CAUSED BY: MILLION TO JUST 5-10 MILLION THE VARIOLA VIRUS SYMPTOMS: MOST COMMONLY SPREAD through direct contact with an infected person's skin or body fluids. HIGH FEVERS BODY ACHES But can also be airborn. RASH The rash evolves from fluid-filled bumps, to scabs, to pitted scars In 1796 A vaccine is created In 1967 In 1967 In 1977 The virus kills over The WHO runs a The last known 2 million people globally. campaign to destroy Smallpox. but the disease still case of Smallpox is documented. spreads. SPANISH INFLUENZA CAUSED BY: SPANISH INFLUENZA IS KNOWN ASTHE HIN1 AVIAN INFLUENZA A VIRUS "GREAT INFLUENZA" OR “FLU OF 1918" SYMPTOMS: AN ESTIMATED 6 /5,000 AMERICANS DIED IN A MATTER OF MONTHS FEVER NAUSEA ACHES DIARRHEA THE FLU REÄCHED BLACK SPOTS ON THE CHEEKS PANDEMIC PROPORTIONS Patient lungs would fill with liquid and they would effectively drown in their own mucus. GLOBALLY, IT IS ESTIMATED THAT BETWEEN 50 MILLION AND 100 MILLION PEOPLE DIED TODAY: TODAY, AS MANY AS 59% OF PEOPLE MAY HAVE IMMUNITY TO HINI Passed from those who survived the pandemic TYPHOID FEVER TYPHOID WAS COMMON BEFORE THE PUBLIC SEWAGE SYSTEM 100 out of every 100,000 people contracted typhoid in 1920 Dropped to 33.8/100,000 in 1950 with improved sanitation CAUSED BY: TYPHOID MARY SALMONELLA TYPHI A microbe that lives in the intestine THE MOST FAMOUS OUTBREAK OF TYPHOID OCCURRED IN NEW YORK CITY IN THE EARLY 1900'S. SYMPTOMS: •A chef named Mary Mallon was infected with typhoid but showed no symptoms • She is presumed to have infected dozens of people ► Public health forced her into isolation twice • She died after 30 years on New *HEADACHE LOSS OF APPETITE MALAISE SUDDEN INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE Develops into fever, chills and nausea York's North Brother Island Can result in gangrene, pneumonia, kidney failure and eventually cardiac failure. MALARIA CAUSED BY: RECORDS OF MALARIA DATE BACK OVER PLASMODIUM MICROBES When infected mosquito bites human 4,000 YEARS SYMPTOMS: DURING THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1,316,000 soldiers contracted malaria 10,000 soldiers died FEVER CHILLS SWEATING DURING WWI HEADACHE Malaria immobilized British, German and French forces for 3 years. MUSCLE PAINS Microbes grow inside red blood cells, destroying them in the process Almost 60,000 US soldiers died of malaria in Africa and the South Pacific. DURING WWII After WWII, the US attempted to put an end to it. The pesticide DDT, now banned, was introduced to lower mosquito population. Malaria has been eradicated in the USA. POLIO REACHED A PEAK IN 1952 THE US HAS BEEN POLIO FREE SINCE 1979 Over 58,000 cases were reported. There were 3,145 deaths. THERE IS NO CURE CAUSED BY: POLIOVIRUS POLIOMYELITIS Which attacks the nervous system FOR POLIO SYMPTOMS: THE VACCINE WAS PERFECTED FEVER IN THE 1950'S. FATIGUE HEADACHE FAMOUS POLIO SURVIVORS VOMITING STIFFNESS LIMB PAIN Roughly 1 in 200 cases leads to paralysis PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ACTOR SINGER SENATE MINORITY LEADER D ROOSEVELT ALAN ALDA JONI MITCHELL MITCH MCCONNELL TUBERCULOSIS CAUSED BY: MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS EVIDENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS HAS BEEN FOUND IN EGYPTIAN MUMMIES SYMPTOMS: CHEST PAIN TUBERCULOSIS WAS A WEAKNESS CONSTANT PROBLEM IN WEIGHT LOSS COLONIAL AMERICA FEVER NIGHT SWEATS AT THE END OF THE WERE ATTRIBUTED TO 19TH CENTURY, 10% B FITS OF COUGHING BLOOD TB CONTINUES TO GLOBALLY INFECT AN ESTIMATED 8 MILLION PECOPLE, ANNUALLY AND KILLS 2 MILLION ANNUALLY OF ALL US DEATHS Patients with HIV/AIDS have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to tuberculosis. IN 1944 AN ANTIBIOTIC WAS DEVELOPED FOR TB As HIV has spread, TB has had a resurgence. HIV/AIDS HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS WAS FIRST DOCUMENTED IN 1981. First appeared as a rare lung infection and weakened immune system. HIV is passed through bodily fluids, including: blood transfusions, use of needles, sexual contact or from a pregnant woman to her child. HIV opens the body to opportunistic infections that would normally not cause problems. AIDS is the final stage of HIV. THERE IS THERE HAVE BEEN 14 CASES OF PEOPLE BEING EFFECTIVELY CURED THROUGH RIGOROUS TREATMENT, BONE MARROW FOR HIV, OFFICIALLY TRANSPLANTS OR OTHER METHODS. Globally, almost 70 million people infected with HIV and SIXTH LEADING CAUSE OF almost 35 million have died. DEATH IN THE U.S. AMONG PEOPLE 25-44. SOURCES http://www.executivehm.com/news/the-worst-us-epidemics-in-modem-history/ http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/10-worst-disease-outbreaks http://dsc.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-worst-epidemics.htm http://www.cdc.gov/osels/scientific_edu/ss1978/lesson1/section11.html http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23276-more-hiv-cured-first-a-baby-now-14-adults.html#.UieGzBahA7c http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/typhoid-mary-villain-or-victim.html http://vaccinenewsdaily.com/news/216287-fifty-nine-percent-of-americans-may-be-immune-to-h www.onlinemastersinpublichealth.com DEVELOPED BY N NOWSOURCING

Epidemics in America

shared by NowSourcing on Oct 11
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This infographic provides a deeper look into how epidemics have affected life in the US.

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