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Environment & Pollution

ENVIRONMENT & POLLUTION Climate Change, Ozone Layer, Air Pollution, Photochemical Smog, & Acid Rain Climate Change Air Pollution And Photochemical Smog Glcbal temperatures have risen consistently for the past 140 years and tis now widely accepted that this change is linked to man-made green- house gas emissions that have increased with industrialisation and the burning of fossil fueks. Hydrocarbons and nitregen cxides. (by-products from the burring of fossil fuels) can react with sunlicht to form ozone gas. This gas is use ful in the stratosphere but is a pollutant when it is close to the ground. It has been linked to asthma and other respiratory disorders. Air polu- tion from traffic and industry kilis 3 million people a year world-wide. The burning of fosst fuels produces carbon diaside, one of the main greenhouse gas polkutants. Levels in the atmosphere have risen by a third since the industrial revolution in the 1760's. Other polutants in- dude methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and CFCS (chlerofluorocarbons). • Each year in the UK, according to expert estimates, ar pollution ac celerates the deaths of 8,000 people who are already ill. • Another 10,500 British citizens go into hospital with breathing prob- lems because of short term polution exposure. Research suggests that one in 50 heart attacks treated in London hosipitals are due to air polution. • Air polution has also been linked to cancers and, according to Ameri- can researdh, women exposed to high levels of azone and carbon monoide may be up to three times as likely to give birth to a baby with heart defects. • Catalytic converters remove some pollutants from vehicle exhaust. but they are only effective after two miles. A substantial proportion of UK car journeys are under two miles. • Climate change includes many kind cf cimate effects. Some parts will be warmer, some cooler, sea levels may rise, polar caps may melt, des- erts may spread across Europe and extreme weather occurrences may be of a more regular nature. Arctic sea ice is melting faster than thought. A report by NASA (2002) warned that it may disappear completely by the end of the ocentury. This could threaten ocean productivity, change aurrent systems, for the e.g. the gulf stream, and disrupt global weather (as heat that would have been reflected off the ice will be absorbed instead) The Antarctic continent on the other hand has the Antarctic ice sheet, which is kept, in place by sea ice. If this sea ice mets then there is nothing stooping the ice sheet from falling into the sea and meking. . Ozone in the stratosphere hiters out ultra violet radation. The ozone converts the radia- raising sea levels. In an extreme case, sea levels could nis bes to 70 tion into heat. This system is destroyed by chemicals (CFCS etc) that reach the upper atmo The Ozone Layer metres. sphere. When ultra-violet radiation is not fitered ard reaches earth, It can cause cataracts Acid Rain and skin cancers. There is currently a hole in the orone layer over Antarc bca. • Considerable effert world-wide has been made to ban CFCS. They were originally used in refrigeration and cooling processes and as a pro- pellant in aerosols. They have been largely replaced but there the ques- tion of what to do with fidges over 6 years dd that have CFC impreg- nated linings. • Acid rain has fueds are burned, relkasing sulphur dioxide (S02) that is absorbed by rain to form sulphuric acid Acid rain is aso caused by nitrogen aides that combine with rain and fall as nitric acid. Although some nitrogem oxides come from power stations, around half come from road traffic (4996 in 1994). a pit that is lower than normal. It is formed when fossi Evidence suggests land glacers are retreating at an increasing rate. Some scentists predict that the impact of this together with others factors, such as thermal expansion of sea water, will cause significant change in sea levels of between 11 and 88cm this century. • Acid rain eats into any surface it comes into contact with. Sulphur di oxide from the UK's coal burning power stations is camied eastwards by the prevailing wnds to Scandinavia, where it can pollute lakes, reduce fish stocks and damage plant life. Since the UK signed up to protocols on sulphur doxide reduction, levels are now substancially lower than they were a decade ago. 21 August 2007 30 September 1998 ctery NAA courtey fA Sdentists predict that some 100 millon people would have to cope with flooding caused by storms, double what it is now. Europear law requires that CFC gas must be extracted and destroyed before an old hage". Athough catalytic converters, which are fitted to new cars, have re- can be recycled or disposed of. As a consequence, the UK has a substantial fridge moun- • As temperature change occurs acioss the planet, species may not be lain to deal with. Some reports suggest that the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will able to migrate quickly enough. According to UNEP, they will have to shnink and dose within 50 years. An international group of scientists says the ban on CFCS migrate 10 times as fast as they did after the last ice age. Many won't 5 showing sagns of success and the ozone layer should soon start to repair itself - as long as make it. Existing communities will be broken up. duced the amount of ntrogen axides per car, the volume of traffhic in the UK has increased. Consequently, levels in the atmosphere have not fallen significantly. countries stick to the ban. Published by Educational Webo 2007 ENVIRONMENT & POLLUTION Climate Change, Ozone Layer, Air Pollution, Photochemical Smog, & Acid Rain Climate Change Air Pollution And Photochemical Smog Glcbal temperatures have risen consistently for the past 140 years and tis now widely accepted that this change is linked to man-made green- house gas emissions that have increased with industrialisation and the burning of fossil fueks. Hydrocarbons and nitregen cxides. (by-products from the burring of fossil fuels) can react with sunlicht to form ozone gas. This gas is use ful in the stratosphere but is a pollutant when it is close to the ground. It has been linked to asthma and other respiratory disorders. Air polu- tion from traffic and industry kilis 3 million people a year world-wide. The burning of fosst fuels produces carbon diaside, one of the main greenhouse gas polkutants. Levels in the atmosphere have risen by a third since the industrial revolution in the 1760's. Other polutants in- dude methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and CFCS (chlerofluorocarbons). • Each year in the UK, according to expert estimates, ar pollution ac celerates the deaths of 8,000 people who are already ill. • Another 10,500 British citizens go into hospital with breathing prob- lems because of short term polution exposure. Research suggests that one in 50 heart attacks treated in London hosipitals are due to air polution. • Air polution has also been linked to cancers and, according to Ameri- can researdh, women exposed to high levels of azone and carbon monoide may be up to three times as likely to give birth to a baby with heart defects. • Catalytic converters remove some pollutants from vehicle exhaust. but they are only effective after two miles. A substantial proportion of UK car journeys are under two miles. • Climate change includes many kind cf cimate effects. Some parts will be warmer, some cooler, sea levels may rise, polar caps may melt, des- erts may spread across Europe and extreme weather occurrences may be of a more regular nature. Arctic sea ice is melting faster than thought. A report by NASA (2002) warned that it may disappear completely by the end of the ocentury. This could threaten ocean productivity, change aurrent systems, for the e.g. the gulf stream, and disrupt global weather (as heat that would have been reflected off the ice will be absorbed instead) The Antarctic continent on the other hand has the Antarctic ice sheet, which is kept, in place by sea ice. If this sea ice mets then there is nothing stooping the ice sheet from falling into the sea and meking. . Ozone in the stratosphere hiters out ultra violet radation. The ozone converts the radia- raising sea levels. In an extreme case, sea levels could nis bes to 70 tion into heat. This system is destroyed by chemicals (CFCS etc) that reach the upper atmo The Ozone Layer metres. sphere. When ultra-violet radiation is not fitered ard reaches earth, It can cause cataracts Acid Rain and skin cancers. There is currently a hole in the orone layer over Antarc bca. • Considerable effert world-wide has been made to ban CFCS. They were originally used in refrigeration and cooling processes and as a pro- pellant in aerosols. They have been largely replaced but there the ques- tion of what to do with fidges over 6 years dd that have CFC impreg- nated linings. • Acid rain has fueds are burned, relkasing sulphur dioxide (S02) that is absorbed by rain to form sulphuric acid Acid rain is aso caused by nitrogen aides that combine with rain and fall as nitric acid. Although some nitrogem oxides come from power stations, around half come from road traffic (4996 in 1994). a pit that is lower than normal. It is formed when fossi Evidence suggests land glacers are retreating at an increasing rate. Some scentists predict that the impact of this together with others factors, such as thermal expansion of sea water, will cause significant change in sea levels of between 11 and 88cm this century. • Acid rain eats into any surface it comes into contact with. Sulphur di oxide from the UK's coal burning power stations is camied eastwards by the prevailing wnds to Scandinavia, where it can pollute lakes, reduce fish stocks and damage plant life. Since the UK signed up to protocols on sulphur doxide reduction, levels are now substancially lower than they were a decade ago. 21 August 2007 30 September 1998 ctery NAA courtey fA Sdentists predict that some 100 millon people would have to cope with flooding caused by storms, double what it is now. Europear law requires that CFC gas must be extracted and destroyed before an old hage". Athough catalytic converters, which are fitted to new cars, have re- can be recycled or disposed of. As a consequence, the UK has a substantial fridge moun- • As temperature change occurs acioss the planet, species may not be lain to deal with. Some reports suggest that the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will able to migrate quickly enough. According to UNEP, they will have to shnink and dose within 50 years. An international group of scientists says the ban on CFCS migrate 10 times as fast as they did after the last ice age. Many won't 5 showing sagns of success and the ozone layer should soon start to repair itself - as long as make it. Existing communities will be broken up. duced the amount of ntrogen axides per car, the volume of traffhic in the UK has increased. Consequently, levels in the atmosphere have not fallen significantly. countries stick to the ban. Published by Educational Webo 2007 ENVIRONMENT & POLLUTION Climate Change, Ozone Layer, Air Pollution, Photochemical Smog, & Acid Rain Climate Change Air Pollution And Photochemical Smog Glcbal temperatures have risen consistently for the past 140 years and tis now widely accepted that this change is linked to man-made green- house gas emissions that have increased with industrialisation and the burning of fossil fueks. Hydrocarbons and nitregen cxides. (by-products from the burring of fossil fuels) can react with sunlicht to form ozone gas. This gas is use ful in the stratosphere but is a pollutant when it is close to the ground. It has been linked to asthma and other respiratory disorders. Air polu- tion from traffic and industry kilis 3 million people a year world-wide. The burning of fosst fuels produces carbon diaside, one of the main greenhouse gas polkutants. Levels in the atmosphere have risen by a third since the industrial revolution in the 1760's. Other polutants in- dude methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and CFCS (chlerofluorocarbons). • Each year in the UK, according to expert estimates, ar pollution ac celerates the deaths of 8,000 people who are already ill. • Another 10,500 British citizens go into hospital with breathing prob- lems because of short term polution exposure. Research suggests that one in 50 heart attacks treated in London hosipitals are due to air polution. • Air polution has also been linked to cancers and, according to Ameri- can researdh, women exposed to high levels of azone and carbon monoide may be up to three times as likely to give birth to a baby with heart defects. • Catalytic converters remove some pollutants from vehicle exhaust. but they are only effective after two miles. A substantial proportion of UK car journeys are under two miles. • Climate change includes many kind cf cimate effects. Some parts will be warmer, some cooler, sea levels may rise, polar caps may melt, des- erts may spread across Europe and extreme weather occurrences may be of a more regular nature. Arctic sea ice is melting faster than thought. A report by NASA (2002) warned that it may disappear completely by the end of the ocentury. This could threaten ocean productivity, change aurrent systems, for the e.g. the gulf stream, and disrupt global weather (as heat that would have been reflected off the ice will be absorbed instead) The Antarctic continent on the other hand has the Antarctic ice sheet, which is kept, in place by sea ice. If this sea ice mets then there is nothing stooping the ice sheet from falling into the sea and meking. . Ozone in the stratosphere hiters out ultra violet radation. The ozone converts the radia- raising sea levels. In an extreme case, sea levels could nis bes to 70 tion into heat. This system is destroyed by chemicals (CFCS etc) that reach the upper atmo The Ozone Layer metres. sphere. When ultra-violet radiation is not fitered ard reaches earth, It can cause cataracts Acid Rain and skin cancers. There is currently a hole in the orone layer over Antarc bca. • Considerable effert world-wide has been made to ban CFCS. They were originally used in refrigeration and cooling processes and as a pro- pellant in aerosols. They have been largely replaced but there the ques- tion of what to do with fidges over 6 years dd that have CFC impreg- nated linings. • Acid rain has fueds are burned, relkasing sulphur dioxide (S02) that is absorbed by rain to form sulphuric acid Acid rain is aso caused by nitrogen aides that combine with rain and fall as nitric acid. Although some nitrogem oxides come from power stations, around half come from road traffic (4996 in 1994). a pit that is lower than normal. It is formed when fossi Evidence suggests land glacers are retreating at an increasing rate. Some scentists predict that the impact of this together with others factors, such as thermal expansion of sea water, will cause significant change in sea levels of between 11 and 88cm this century. • Acid rain eats into any surface it comes into contact with. Sulphur di oxide from the UK's coal burning power stations is camied eastwards by the prevailing wnds to Scandinavia, where it can pollute lakes, reduce fish stocks and damage plant life. Since the UK signed up to protocols on sulphur doxide reduction, levels are now substancially lower than they were a decade ago. 21 August 2007 30 September 1998 ctery NAA courtey fA Sdentists predict that some 100 millon people would have to cope with flooding caused by storms, double what it is now. Europear law requires that CFC gas must be extracted and destroyed before an old hage". Athough catalytic converters, which are fitted to new cars, have re- can be recycled or disposed of. As a consequence, the UK has a substantial fridge moun- • As temperature change occurs acioss the planet, species may not be lain to deal with. Some reports suggest that the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will able to migrate quickly enough. According to UNEP, they will have to shnink and dose within 50 years. An international group of scientists says the ban on CFCS migrate 10 times as fast as they did after the last ice age. Many won't 5 showing sagns of success and the ozone layer should soon start to repair itself - as long as make it. Existing communities will be broken up. duced the amount of ntrogen axides per car, the volume of traffhic in the UK has increased. Consequently, levels in the atmosphere have not fallen significantly. countries stick to the ban. Published by Educational Webo 2007 ENVIRONMENT & POLLUTION Climate Change, Ozone Layer, Air Pollution, Photochemical Smog, & Acid Rain Climate Change Air Pollution And Photochemical Smog Glcbal temperatures have risen consistently for the past 140 years and tis now widely accepted that this change is linked to man-made green- house gas emissions that have increased with industrialisation and the burning of fossil fueks. Hydrocarbons and nitregen cxides. (by-products from the burring of fossil fuels) can react with sunlicht to form ozone gas. This gas is use ful in the stratosphere but is a pollutant when it is close to the ground. It has been linked to asthma and other respiratory disorders. Air polu- tion from traffic and industry kilis 3 million people a year world-wide. The burning of fosst fuels produces carbon diaside, one of the main greenhouse gas polkutants. Levels in the atmosphere have risen by a third since the industrial revolution in the 1760's. Other polutants in- dude methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and CFCS (chlerofluorocarbons). • Each year in the UK, according to expert estimates, ar pollution ac celerates the deaths of 8,000 people who are already ill. • Another 10,500 British citizens go into hospital with breathing prob- lems because of short term polution exposure. Research suggests that one in 50 heart attacks treated in London hosipitals are due to air polution. • Air polution has also been linked to cancers and, according to Ameri- can researdh, women exposed to high levels of azone and carbon monoide may be up to three times as likely to give birth to a baby with heart defects. • Catalytic converters remove some pollutants from vehicle exhaust. but they are only effective after two miles. A substantial proportion of UK car journeys are under two miles. • Climate change includes many kind cf cimate effects. Some parts will be warmer, some cooler, sea levels may rise, polar caps may melt, des- erts may spread across Europe and extreme weather occurrences may be of a more regular nature. Arctic sea ice is melting faster than thought. A report by NASA (2002) warned that it may disappear completely by the end of the ocentury. This could threaten ocean productivity, change aurrent systems, for the e.g. the gulf stream, and disrupt global weather (as heat that would have been reflected off the ice will be absorbed instead) The Antarctic continent on the other hand has the Antarctic ice sheet, which is kept, in place by sea ice. If this sea ice mets then there is nothing stooping the ice sheet from falling into the sea and meking. . Ozone in the stratosphere hiters out ultra violet radation. The ozone converts the radia- raising sea levels. In an extreme case, sea levels could nis bes to 70 tion into heat. This system is destroyed by chemicals (CFCS etc) that reach the upper atmo The Ozone Layer metres. sphere. When ultra-violet radiation is not fitered ard reaches earth, It can cause cataracts Acid Rain and skin cancers. There is currently a hole in the orone layer over Antarc bca. • Considerable effert world-wide has been made to ban CFCS. They were originally used in refrigeration and cooling processes and as a pro- pellant in aerosols. They have been largely replaced but there the ques- tion of what to do with fidges over 6 years dd that have CFC impreg- nated linings. • Acid rain has fueds are burned, relkasing sulphur dioxide (S02) that is absorbed by rain to form sulphuric acid Acid rain is aso caused by nitrogen aides that combine with rain and fall as nitric acid. Although some nitrogem oxides come from power stations, around half come from road traffic (4996 in 1994). a pit that is lower than normal. It is formed when fossi Evidence suggests land glacers are retreating at an increasing rate. Some scentists predict that the impact of this together with others factors, such as thermal expansion of sea water, will cause significant change in sea levels of between 11 and 88cm this century. • Acid rain eats into any surface it comes into contact with. Sulphur di oxide from the UK's coal burning power stations is camied eastwards by the prevailing wnds to Scandinavia, where it can pollute lakes, reduce fish stocks and damage plant life. Since the UK signed up to protocols on sulphur doxide reduction, levels are now substancially lower than they were a decade ago. 21 August 2007 30 September 1998 ctery NAA courtey fA Sdentists predict that some 100 millon people would have to cope with flooding caused by storms, double what it is now. Europear law requires that CFC gas must be extracted and destroyed before an old hage". Athough catalytic converters, which are fitted to new cars, have re- can be recycled or disposed of. As a consequence, the UK has a substantial fridge moun- • As temperature change occurs acioss the planet, species may not be lain to deal with. Some reports suggest that the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will able to migrate quickly enough. According to UNEP, they will have to shnink and dose within 50 years. An international group of scientists says the ban on CFCS migrate 10 times as fast as they did after the last ice age. Many won't 5 showing sagns of success and the ozone layer should soon start to repair itself - as long as make it. Existing communities will be broken up. duced the amount of ntrogen axides per car, the volume of traffhic in the UK has increased. Consequently, levels in the atmosphere have not fallen significantly. countries stick to the ban. Published by Educational Webo 2007 ENVIRONMENT & POLLUTION Climate Change, Ozone Layer, Air Pollution, Photochemical Smog, & Acid Rain Climate Change Air Pollution And Photochemical Smog Glcbal temperatures have risen consistently for the past 140 years and tis now widely accepted that this change is linked to man-made green- house gas emissions that have increased with industrialisation and the burning of fossil fueks. Hydrocarbons and nitregen cxides. (by-products from the burring of fossil fuels) can react with sunlicht to form ozone gas. This gas is use ful in the stratosphere but is a pollutant when it is close to the ground. It has been linked to asthma and other respiratory disorders. Air polu- tion from traffic and industry kilis 3 million people a year world-wide. The burning of fosst fuels produces carbon diaside, one of the main greenhouse gas polkutants. Levels in the atmosphere have risen by a third since the industrial revolution in the 1760's. Other polutants in- dude methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and CFCS (chlerofluorocarbons). • Each year in the UK, according to expert estimates, ar pollution ac celerates the deaths of 8,000 people who are already ill. • Another 10,500 British citizens go into hospital with breathing prob- lems because of short term polution exposure. Research suggests that one in 50 heart attacks treated in London hosipitals are due to air polution. • Air polution has also been linked to cancers and, according to Ameri- can researdh, women exposed to high levels of azone and carbon monoide may be up to three times as likely to give birth to a baby with heart defects. • Catalytic converters remove some pollutants from vehicle exhaust. but they are only effective after two miles. A substantial proportion of UK car journeys are under two miles. • Climate change includes many kind cf cimate effects. Some parts will be warmer, some cooler, sea levels may rise, polar caps may melt, des- erts may spread across Europe and extreme weather occurrences may be of a more regular nature. Arctic sea ice is melting faster than thought. A report by NASA (2002) warned that it may disappear completely by the end of the ocentury. This could threaten ocean productivity, change aurrent systems, for the e.g. the gulf stream, and disrupt global weather (as heat that would have been reflected off the ice will be absorbed instead) The Antarctic continent on the other hand has the Antarctic ice sheet, which is kept, in place by sea ice. If this sea ice mets then there is nothing stooping the ice sheet from falling into the sea and meking. . Ozone in the stratosphere hiters out ultra violet radation. The ozone converts the radia- raising sea levels. In an extreme case, sea levels could nis bes to 70 tion into heat. This system is destroyed by chemicals (CFCS etc) that reach the upper atmo The Ozone Layer metres. sphere. When ultra-violet radiation is not fitered ard reaches earth, It can cause cataracts Acid Rain and skin cancers. There is currently a hole in the orone layer over Antarc bca. • Considerable effert world-wide has been made to ban CFCS. They were originally used in refrigeration and cooling processes and as a pro- pellant in aerosols. They have been largely replaced but there the ques- tion of what to do with fidges over 6 years dd that have CFC impreg- nated linings. • Acid rain has fueds are burned, relkasing sulphur dioxide (S02) that is absorbed by rain to form sulphuric acid Acid rain is aso caused by nitrogen aides that combine with rain and fall as nitric acid. Although some nitrogem oxides come from power stations, around half come from road traffic (4996 in 1994). a pit that is lower than normal. It is formed when fossi Evidence suggests land glacers are retreating at an increasing rate. Some scentists predict that the impact of this together with others factors, such as thermal expansion of sea water, will cause significant change in sea levels of between 11 and 88cm this century. • Acid rain eats into any surface it comes into contact with. Sulphur di oxide from the UK's coal burning power stations is camied eastwards by the prevailing wnds to Scandinavia, where it can pollute lakes, reduce fish stocks and damage plant life. Since the UK signed up to protocols on sulphur doxide reduction, levels are now substancially lower than they were a decade ago. 21 August 2007 30 September 1998 ctery NAA courtey fA Sdentists predict that some 100 millon people would have to cope with flooding caused by storms, double what it is now. Europear law requires that CFC gas must be extracted and destroyed before an old hage". Athough catalytic converters, which are fitted to new cars, have re- can be recycled or disposed of. As a consequence, the UK has a substantial fridge moun- • As temperature change occurs acioss the planet, species may not be lain to deal with. Some reports suggest that the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will able to migrate quickly enough. According to UNEP, they will have to shnink and dose within 50 years. An international group of scientists says the ban on CFCS migrate 10 times as fast as they did after the last ice age. Many won't 5 showing sagns of success and the ozone layer should soon start to repair itself - as long as make it. Existing communities will be broken up. duced the amount of ntrogen axides per car, the volume of traffhic in the UK has increased. Consequently, levels in the atmosphere have not fallen significantly. countries stick to the ban. Published by Educational Webo 2007

Environment & Pollution

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This Infographic shows various global issues occurring at the moment including, the ozone layer, acid rain, rain forests and deforestation, global warming etc.

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